SATYRINA:. 10L 
DistriBuTion.—Typical OC. Nirmala “is very abundant in Kunawur in June and 
July. It hasa wide range, flies for many months, and is very common. It frequents 
the same ground as C. Nada, but extends also through the habitat of C. Scanda 
almost to the Plains. It appears among woods and glens and damp regions, as well 
as the dry slopes above, in middle and upper Kunawur” (Lang’s MS. Notes). “It 
is very common at moderate elevations throughout the Western Himalayas, from 
May till September. It affects the undergrowth in glades and forests, and may be 
seen on the wing even on damp and cloudy days” (Butt. Ind. 248). Capt. Beckett 
took it in Gurhwal. Major H. B. Hellard obtained it in “ Simla, and Pangi, Busahir, 
in July and August” (MS. Notes). Mr. W. Doherty records it from “ Loharkhet, 
Western Kumaon, at from 7000 to 8000 feet elevation” (J. A. 8S. Beng. 1886, 119). 
We possess the type specimens of CO. Nirmala, and also the form intermedia, from 
Simla, and of Cashapa, from Masuri, 7000 feet, taken by Col. A. M. Lang, in June, 
from Kangra, taken by Mr. Hocking, and from Simla, taken by Major Hellard in 
June, and from Masuri in October. Specimens are in Mr, G. F. Hampson’s Collection, 
taken by Col. Lang, at Naini Tal, 3500 to 7700 feet elevation in May and June, 
1887. 
CALLEREBIA SCANDA (Plate 117, figs. 1, la, b,¢ 9). 
Erebia Scanda, Kollar, Higel’s Kaschmir, iv. 2, p. 452, pl. 17, figs. 3, 4, ¢ (1844). 
Callerebia Scanda, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist, 1867, p. 217; Ent. Mo. Mag. 1868, p. 194; Catal. Satyr. 
B. M. p. 96 (1868). Marshall and de Nicéville, Butt. of India, etc. i. p. 244 (1883). 
Twaco.—Male. Upperside dark cinerescent olive-brown, darkest basally and 
with a vinescent tint in some lights; cilia cinerescent-brown, with a cinereous-white 
inner line which is most distinct on the hindwing. Forewing with the apical area 
perceptibly paler and traversed by a narrow submarginal dusky fascia; subapical 
ocellus obtusely-oval, black, bipupilled with bluish-white, and ringed with dull 
ochreous. Hindwing with a subanal round ocellus pupilled with bluish-white. 
Underside paler. Forewing with the ocellus more prominent, the apical area very 
slightly speckled with cinereous scales, traversed by an indistinct dusky-brown 
submarginal and an oblique discal fascia, which are convexly-joined at the lower 
median. Hindwing irrorated with cinerescent-white scales, which are very densely 
disposed towards the inner area and there form more or less-defined strigz; a 
prominent round subanal and a smaller anal ocellus both white pupilled, the latter 
being sometimes bipupilled; above these is a submarginal series of four white 
ocelloid dots. Body beneath and legs above brown; legs cinerescent beneath ; 
palpi cinerescent at the side, with a lateral black streak and black-tipt frontal hairs ; 
antenne brown. 
Female. Upperside as in the male, but somewhat paler. Underside as in the 
