bo 
Lo 
o 
LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 
Nymphalide, Apaturide, Eurytelide, Charaxide, Doherty, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 109. 
Nymphalide, Staudinger, Exotic Schmett. p. 86 (1885); Staudinger and Schiatts, 7d. p. 108 (1887). 
Najades, Dryades, Hamadryades, Borkhausen, Nat. Eur. Schmett. pp. 37-48 (1788). 
Consules (part), Nobzles, Herbst, 
Lemoniades, Dryades, Hamadryades, Najades, Potamides, Hiibner, Tentamen p. 1 (1806) ; 7d. Samml. 
Exot. Schmett. 1. pp. 1, 2 (1806-19). Verz. bek. Schmett. pp. 26-46 (1816). 
Spinose, Carunculate, Guénee, Lep. Eure et Loir, pp. 17, 23 (1867). 
Spinigert, Limaciformes, Newman, Brit. Butt. p. 19 (1871). 
Najades, Scudder, Syst. Rev, Amer. Butt. p. 8 (1872). 
CHARACTERS OF THE NYMPHALIN®. 
Imuaco.—Wings of either small, medium, or large size. Forewing generally more 
or less triangular, usually produced at the apex, seldom pointed at the tip; exterior 
margin more or less emarginate, sometimes angulated ; costal vein (except in the 
group Hurytelina), not dilated at the base ; first and second subcostal branches 
generally emitted before the end of the cell ; in some genera, however, the first sub- 
costal branch only is emitted before the end of the cell, in which latter case the 
second subcostal is four-branched. Hindwing generally broadly oval or triangularly 
oval, the exterior margin sometimes more or less deeply scalloped or tailed; in some 
the anal angle is prolonged; abdominal margin always affording a deep groove for 
the reception of the abdomen. Discoidal cell either closed in both wings, or in some 
genera closed in the forewing only, in which latter cases the cell of the hindwing is 
open, and in several genera, the cell in both wings is entirely open. 
Body usually robust. Head variable in size. yes large, generally naked; in 
some hairy. /alpi rather large, generally porrected, extending considerably in front 
of the head, usually protruded widely apart, well clothed with scales and hairs. 
Abdomen short. Antennx generally rather long, the club either broad or elongated. 
Forelegs greatly atrophied in the male, less so in the female; the fore tibia and 
tarsus of the male clothed with fine hairs ; the fore tarsus of the male consisting of 
a single elongate joint and unarmed ; the fore tarsus of the female composed of five 
joints, which are generally rather dilated at their extremity, each joint being 
furnished beneath with a pair of short, fine spines.* 
Abdominal appendages (Prehensores of male), ‘‘ with the upper organ [tegumen, 
B. White; wneus, Gosse], of variable size, never provided with lateral appendages ; 

* In Calinaga—a genus hitherto placed in the Nymphaline—the female (of both the Indian and 
Chinese species) has the fore tarsus perfect, the terminal joint being furnished with a pair of rather long, 
stout, curved, forward-projecting claws, paronychia and pulvilli. This genus we have therefore assigned to 
a subsequent sub-family, the Caninacina. Another genus—Pseudergolis—hitherto placed in the Nym- 
phaline, the females of which also possess perfect tarsi, has consequently been assigned to another sub- 
family. 
