NYMPHALINZ, 221 
clasps large and broad and tumid, seldom tapering much apically, furnished with an 
upper apical or basal process, emitted from the edge of the outer surface, and often 
with an upward directed, free or attached finger on the inner ae of the clasp ”’ 
(Scudder, Butt. EH. U.S. I. 223). 
Eec.— Either subglobular and then reticulate and filamentous; or barrel- 
shaped, distinctly higher than broad, and then vertically ribbed, the ribs usually 
higher near the summit than on the sides, and sometimes confined to the upper 
half ” (Scudder, l.c.). 
CaTerRPILLAR.—Hither limaciform or nearly cylindrical, rarely not distinctly 
moniliform, equal or tapering behind, sometimes in front, or if swollen unusually in 
any part, such prominence is restricted to a single segment, and is not massed in 
two or more adjoining segments ; either smooth and minutely shagreened, or armed 
above with longitudinal rows of mostly branched-spines, or conspicuous spinous- 
tubercles, the anal segment occasionally bifid or with a posterior median tuberosity. 
Head more or less slightly cleft above, hairy, or set with either two or more very 
short simple spines, or too elongated spiniform-tubercles, on the vertex ; or with four 

CurysaLis.—Suspended by the tail. Hither smooth, thick, almost oval or boat- 
shaped with obtuse or bifid head, or generally more or less elongate, with either a 
conical, angulated, or dilated medio-dorsal and thoracic prominence, and abdominal 
segmental small conical points. 
Szconpary SexuaL Cuaracters.—In the butterflies of this sub-family there are 
but few genera in which Androconia, or scent-producing scales, have been found, and 
these mostly occurring in certain genera of the groups Euthaliina, Limenitina, 
Argynnina, and Hurytelina. 
SeasonaL Drimuorpnisu.—The perfect insects in this sub-family mostly have 
settled characters in their markings, and are but little subject to variation, but in 
the group Cuaraxina, it will probably ultimately be found that certain species, as 
here described, of the genus Haridra and of Hulepis, are but seasonal forms only. 
In certain genera of the group Nympuatina, Le. Grapta, Araschnia, Junonia, and 
Hypolimnas [Apatura], seasonal dimorphism occurs to a more or less extent, and 
probably also in some species of the group Liwenirina, i.e. Athyma and Neptis, 
and also in the group Arcynnina. In the genus Symbrenthia, the species [S. Hippo- 
clus ?], as occurring in Java, is stated by Mr. W. Doherty to be dimorphic in the 
female. 
PotymorpHism and Mimicry.—In some species of Hypolimnas [Apatura], notably 
H. Misippus, of the genus Huripus, 1.e. H. Halitherses, and of Sephisa, i.e. S. Chandra, 
the females are polymorphic, as well as being mimics of certain species of Limnaine 
and of Euploeine butterflies. The males of the same species of Huripus and both sexes 
