222 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 
of Hestina, also mimic certain species of Limnaine butterflies. Apatura [Potamis] 
Chevana, which is alike in both sexes, is on the upperside a remarkable mimic of a 
, White-banded species of Athyma, namely of A. Opalina. The species of Symbrenthia, 
in the shape and red colour of the markings on the upperside, closely resemble, in 
both sexes, the red-banded females of certain species of Athyma. In the genus 
Symbrenthia, the species (S. Hippoclus?), as occurring in Jaya, is stated by Mr. 
Doherty to be also dimorphic in the female—one form having red bands, the other 
white—but it is also very remarkable that these white-banded females of Symbrenthia 
are mimics of the white-banded males of the common Athyma Nefte, and the red- 
banded forms of the red-banded female of the same species of Athyma. In the group 
Areynnina, the female of the widely-distributed Eastern species Argynnis Niphe 
is a fair mimic of the equally widely-distributed and common Limnaine butterfly, 
Limnas chrysippus ; and the female of the rare N.W. Himalayan Argynnis Clara is 
also a good mimic of the female Parnassius Charino. 
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATERPILLAR AND CurysaLis.—The external appearance of 
both the caterpillar and of the chrysalis of the Nymphalinew exhibits a variety of 
forms. The caterpillar is either slug-shaped, smooth and shagreened, with processes 
on the head and anal segment, or cylindrical, with rows of either short or long 
branched-spines, and occasionally similar spines on the head, or, with some of the 
anterior segments tumid and surmounted with short or elongated spiny processes. 
The chrysalis is always fully suspended by the tail, and is either thick, oval, or boat- 
shaped, or with a dorsal and thoracic prominence, tumid or angular wing-cases, and 
bifid or hammer-shaped head piece, and some with abdominal conical or slender 
points, or with dilated processes. 
Hasirs or ImMaco.—The butterflies of this sub-family ‘“ are pre-eminently bold 
sunshine-loving insects, never skulking in the shade amongst trees and bushes, as do 
the butterflies of the Amathusiine and Satyrine. Their flight is usually strong, 
and as a rule they are seen most abundantly at mid-day. Generally they rest 
with the wings widely spread open, and delight in displaying their beauty. In the 
genus Charazes the power of rapid flight 1s very great. In the genus Neptis, and the 
‘White-Admiral’ group of Limenitis, the flight is easy, graceful, and sailing, while in 
Vanessa, Argynnis, Apatura | Potamis], &c., though the flight is rapid and irregular, 
they are often easily caught, owing to their habit of returning again and again to 
the same resting place on a particular leaf. The flight of Cyrestis is weak, and very 
often, when pursued, suddenly alights on the underside of a leaf; so also does 
Stibochiona Nicea. Many of the species are very foul feeders, the depraved tastes 
of the ‘ Purple Emperor’ [Potamis Iris] are well known. Species of Charazes have 
also been taken on carrion, and OC. Fabius is very fond of the juice of the Toddy 
Palm, and Huthalia of rotten fruit, &e.”’ (de Nicéville Butt. Ind. i. 3). Dr. 
