NYMPHALIN A (Group CHARAXINA.) 929 
It comes out about ten o’clock, and, selecting a tree with bright shiny leaves, 
perches bolt upright in the middle of a particular leaf, just a foot above the highest 
point you can reach with your net. Whether by accident or design, the position is 
~ fenced on all sides with a creeper, whose sharp-curved thorns lay hold of everything 
that passes them, and let go nothing. There the proud creature sits, chasing 
away any other butterfly that approaches, and returning to the same leaf. If you 
pelt it with stones, it darts off, takes a short circuit, and returns to the same leaf. 
You may pelt it for an hour with the same result” (J. Bombay N.H.S. 1886, p. 
132). “All the Charaxes in the Malayan region are hard to catch, but there 
is nothing more helpless than most Charaxes in the Indo-Malayan region. 
They fly so straight that you can take them on the wing nine times out of 
ten; they persistently return to the same spot, and love to alight on projecting 
twigs, where you can easily get them by a stroke of the net from below. But 
this is not the case in the Malayan regions; I do not know how many hours I 
spent in the interior of Sumba trying to catch a huge undescribed Charaves of the 
pyrrhus group; and the polyzena group never seem common down there as in India” 
(Doherty, P.Z.S. 1891, p. 256). 
Dimorenism.—In the group Charaxina, it will probably ultimately be found, 
that certain species of the genus Haridra, and of Hulepis, as here described, are but 
dimorphic or seasonal forms. In Haridra, it probably occurs both in the section of 
which the males have no white band on the forewing, and also in the section in 
which the white band is present in both male and female. But, as there is little 
available data respecting the times of appearance on the wing of the various species, 
and further, where such is known, the names of the species, as cited by certain authors, 
are erroneously determined (as we have personally proved by actual comparison of 
specimens) ; consequently we cannot utilize them with certainty. 
Key Tro Tor GENERA OF THE CHARAXINA. 
A. First and second subcostal branches of forewing emitted before end of the cell. 
a. Cell of hindwing imperfectly closed : ; ; : ; - Harrpra. CHaraxes. 
b. Cell of hindwing entirely open ; : : . Evuiepis. Murwarepa, 
B. First subcostal branch only of the forewing envied efor Sa of the cell ; 
cell of hindwing open ; ; ° : , : ; 2 . Hetoy a. 
Genus HARIDRA. 
Haridra, Moore, Lepidoptera of Ceylon, i. p. 30 (1880). 
Charazes (part), Felder; Butler ; Distant; de Nicéville. 
Imaco.—Male. Wings similar in form to Charaxes. Forewing somewhat 
broader, with the costa more arched. Hindwing somewhat more conyex externally. 
