24 



often seen it at Buitenzorg where it was then also very common. So I think 

 we may admit that it was then still confined to the mountainous regions. 

 Dr. Hagen and Dr. Martin mention this species from Sumatra also only from 

 the more elevated regions. After having spent then some years out of Java, 

 I came in 1878 and 1879 in E. J. and did not find the butterfly there 

 either at Kediri (64) or at Berbek (13), but I did in the Wilis mountains. 

 Therefore I was very much astonished to find it in 1879 in C. J. as well at 

 Touban on the north-coast, as at Semarang (4) and at Jogjokarta (113), and 

 when I came again to Batavia in the same year, it occurred there also and 

 has since remained common. In 1894 I also found the butterfly in E. J. in 

 the low country. Evidently this species spread itself between the years 1869 

 and 1879 in W. J. from the higher region to the lower ones, and probably 

 the same has happened in other parts of Java. 



W. J. Batavia (3 — 14), Tjampea (160), Buitenzorg (265) and the mountains 

 of the province of Prajangan up to 2000 metres, also on mount Karang in the 

 province of Bantam, in the middle of the dry season. 



C. J. Semarang (4), Touban (2) on the north coast, Jogjokarta (1 13), Mage- 

 lang (-500) and mount Tjerimai (700) in the province of Tjirebon. 



E. J. Jember (98) in the province of Besouki, in the Wilis, Semarou (725) 

 and Tengger mountains (630 and 1777), at Malang (443) and on mount Arjouno. 



The eyes of this species, during life, are pale grey, somewhat greenish. 

 It flies in the mountains already against half past six in the morning, so much 

 earlier than other Pieridae and also when there is no sunshine. The butterflies 

 differ rather in size, but above all in coloration. The fact that the process of 

 the colour- evolution advances very unequally among the individual insects causes 

 here also all kinds of varieties, which cannot be explained without the know- 

 ledge of this phenomenon. In the journal Societas entomologica. Vol. XX, 

 pag. 113 — 114. Fruhstorfer enumerates the following forms: 



Belisama Belisama Cram. 



Belisama Nakula Smith (1889) = Vestalina Stdgr. 



Belisama Nakula forma Erubescens Stdgr. 



Belisama forma Alpina, Aurantia Doherty 1891 = Belisar Stdgr. 1891. 



Belisama Glauca Butl. (Sumatra). 



This division however cannot be maintained as the enumerated forms really 

 do not represent races or so-called local varieties; geographically separated is 

 only the form of Sumatra, which differs but little from the Java one, and really 

 only in this, that sometimes the shade of the white on the upper-side of the 

 cT is more or less bluish — the reason why Butler called this form Glauca — 

 and that often the apical stripes on the under-side of the fore-wings are wanting. 



