11 



Restricta Moore. ^) All this perfectly agrees with the phenomena of the process 

 of colour-evolution as is seen in the case of the Pieridae. The Javanese imagines 

 of the said family, however, for the rest present no other examples that are 

 so clear of this evolutionary process, although for one who is aquainted with 

 this phenomenon, it will never be difficult to explain their colour. Indeed a 

 survey of the Javanese imagines of this family, in connexion with those to be 

 found in other regions, distinctly shows how the process of the said evolution 

 moves along fixed lines, whose direction, it is true, in consequence, we suppose, 

 of an inborn, probably correlative tendency, is not always the same, but along 

 which the evolutional change for the rest continues independently. Viz., in this 

 sense that usually the surroundings evidently have no influence thereon, and 

 that this change entirely independent of other similar changes, to which the 

 same animals may be subject, goes its own way. Thus, confining ourselves to 

 those that are the most distinct, we can clearly distinguish among the Javanese 

 Hesperidae three directions of colour-evolution which undeniably give to the 

 pattern of colours of many species, belonging to different genera, the same 

 character, and which, for the sake of convenience, I shall indicate by some 

 well-known species in which they are found, as the Thrax-, the Feisthamelii 

 and the CoMMA-type. 



The first named after Erionota Thrax Clerck, L., is, besides in this species, 

 also to be found in Gangara Thybsis F., in Unkara Attina Hew., in 

 HiDARA Irava Moore, and also, though somewhat reduced, in Parnara 

 Brunnea Snell, and many others. 



The second, characterised by the above mentioned transversal band on the 

 fore-wings in Notocrypta Feisthamelii Bsd. and Restricta Moore, and. 



') The same transversal band on the upper-side of the fore-wings also appears among many 

 Rhopalocera of other families and evidently has its origin in some cause, thus far unexplained, 

 which, between the more inward lying part of the fore-wings and the rest, not unfrequently gives 

 rise to a difference of condition, the nature of which is consequently not yet known, but distinctly 

 manifested in the fact that owing to it, the process of colour-evolution does not continue there 

 likewise. On the upper-side of manv species this is more or less distinctly visible; clearly e.g. in 

 the Iphias (Hebomoia) species, in the family of the Pieridae and further very generally on the 

 under-side, through which in very manv species arises, mimetically looked upon as protecting 

 coloration, the well-known equality in colour between the hind-wings and that part of the 

 fore-wings, which, when at rest, is not covered by the hind-wings, in both which places the said 

 process has reached the same development. Frequently the line of demarcation between these 

 two parts consists in the aforesaid, mostly more or less paled, band, and when this is the case, 

 there is usually also a similar band on the upper-side ; this would, however, be very difficult to 

 explain if it were true, according to the mimicry theory-, that the said coloration of the under-side 

 had developed as a protecting one. 



