6 TERACOLUS. 



Dr. Butler. In the darker form, T. modestus, Butler, a white female is the rule, and 

 those with a yellow tinge less frequently occur. Expanse 1"4 inch. 



Habitat. — Indian Peninsula and Ceylon. Orissa [Mus. Brit.); Kathiawar toGuzerat, 

 Kandesh,Nassic, Sholapur, Bijapur and Kanara (./. Davidson); Bombay [Mus. Rothschild; 

 31us. S(d fill- God III an; Mus. Biit.); Elephanta Island (J/ «s. ^/-/A); Deccan {Mus. Brit.); 

 Ahmednuggar [Miis. Brit.) ; Kippenhally, Nittur, Arsikare, Berhampur, Tarikare 

 Kolar and Bangalore {Captain E. Y. Watson; Mus. Brit.); Madras {Captain E. Y. IFatsoii 

 ]\[us. Brit.); Coromandel {Mus. Brit.); Nilghiris {Coll. Bates, Mus. Salvin-Godman; Mus 

 Brit.); Ceylon {Mus. Botkschild; Miis. Brit.). 



Dr. Butler in his revision of the genus Teracolus (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. 

 p. 388, 1&97) unites T. calais to T. uiiiatus, and recognises only one species. I am 

 inclined, however, to separate 2\ amatus as distinct from T. Calais, not only on account 

 of certain slight but constant diflerences of colour, but also from the fact that the two 

 forms inhabit apparently well-defined geographical areas. T. calais is confined to the 

 Ethiopian region and the Mediterraneo-Persic sub-region, while T. amatus, and its 

 darker form T. modestns, rejjresent T. calais in the Indian Peninsular sub-region and in 

 Ceylon. 



T. hennedii and T. ci/prcea are also identical with T. amatus, the latter being the 

 white lorm of the female. In support of this opinion I may quote the following 

 remarks by Mr. Guy Marshall : " T. amatus is nothing more than a local race of 

 T. Calais, but as the distinctions appear .fairly constant and the two forms do not merge 

 too much into one another, I prefer to keep them apart. T. amatus therefore represents 

 T. Calais in Central and Southern India and Ceylon. 1\ htnnedii is identical with 

 T. amatus, and I cannot accord specific rank to T. modestus, which is only a rather 

 more heavily marked variety of the same species, their identity being well shown in 

 the British Museum series, which represents a gradual and unbroken gradation from 

 one to the other. Captain Watson, following Mr. Butler's identification of the insect, 

 considers T. ci/prcea to be a synonym of T. calais. Fabricius's descriptions are delight- 

 fully vague, but I prefer to follow Boisduval in believing that in T. cj/prcea he was 

 describing the female of his T. amata." The late Captain Watson (Journ. Bomb. Nat. 

 Hist. Soc. vol. viii. p. 520) very truly observes: "These two species are themselves 

 not much better than geographical races, T. amatus being confined to Southern India, 

 where it occurs commonly and is replaced by T. calais in the drier climate of Western 

 and North-Western India. T. keiinedii, Swiuhoe, does not appear to differ from 

 T. amatus, or T. cariiifer from T. calais. The females of T. calais, T. amatus and 

 T. dynamene are very similar to the males. The females of T. modestus are either 

 white or salmon-colour." A specimen of T. modestus from Ganjam in jNIysore (PI. 1, 

 fig. :2b) seems to me to be inseparable from Ceylonese examples, and I have therefore 



