28 



line is nearly «'(|uilalerally triangular, w liilc the melacoxa i.s nearly as broad, 

 the tiochantines of l)otii segments being very short anil small. 



Papi/ionidce, {Vanessa alalaiiia, pi. 7, fig. 20,'20«). — The entire thorax is 

 relatively sliorter, more comjiressed, <he tergal portion descending farther 

 down the sides, the epimeral and epistei'nal pieces being much shorter than 

 in any of the moths, while the coxa; and trochantines collectively are ftdl as 

 short as in the Spliingidce. 



Tergum. — MesoseuUim Jinig and narrow, not mnch wider than the 

 sentelhnu; the latter is very large, elevated, both ends mnch alike, the poste- 

 rior end being much produced, so that in outline each side is nearly of equal 

 length.- The metathorax is more vertical than in the moths; the scutum 

 is large, the two halves not quite touching. The scutellum is very snudi 

 and narrow, vertical instead of horizontal, as in the nu)ths, subtriangular, very 

 short and linear. 



Pleurum. — Epi.stcrnal and epimeral [)ieces very short ; middle trochantine 

 short and broad, triangular; hind trochantine larger than the coxff, where iu 

 the Sphlngiche it is much swollen. 



The prothorax, which is so slightly developed tergally, has not been de- 

 scribed in these notes, and the tergum has not been figured. This comparison 

 of the thorax in diil'ercnt groups confirms the relative standing of the fami- 

 lies as usually given. The Pijrallds should stand below the Flialcenidte, and 

 tlu- latter l)elow the Nocluidoi. 



The Fhultcnidai hold a middle position l)etween the moths below them 

 and the Nodulda:, while the yl^geridu; and Bphinghlni have; sti-ong resem- 

 ijlances to the Papilloitidcc; I he Bomhycidw and Zijccniditi being more closely 

 allied to each other than to any other groups. 



§ 6. ANATOMY OF THE MALE GENITAL ARMATURE. 



These organs, as in other orders of insects, differ much in Ibrm even in 

 dilFerent species of tin; same genus, so that it is impossible to lay down any 

 characters applicable to the family generally. I will brielly describe some 

 iornis in certain of the typical genera of the family. 



In rvtrophoni tr/nicafa (pi. 7, fig. 24, 24a, 24c), tiie parts are, on the 

 whole, more largely developed than in any other species of the family. The 

 supra-anal jtlate ( pi.) is large and lu'oad, subtriangular or rather scutellate ; 

 considerably longer than broad, rounded at the apex, with the two halves 



