'1^1 



narrower and proixirtionalcly hinder Ihan in llic oIIhts. 'I'lic niclalhorax is 

 much v.un-r like thf male than in Ihc Iwo ()lh(>r ifcncra. 'Hh- two lialves ot 

 the scninni arc Itroad, similar in I'orni In I hose of ihc niah'. lint inon- widely 

 separated. 'The scntclluni has the peculiar transversely ohloni;- lunn ef the 

 male, hnl more cxairurcrated, heintr shorter and wider. The Hanks are nnudi 

 wider and the pieces shorter than in the two other genera; the principal 

 dilVm-ence heiuir that the (rochantines of the me.so- :nid nu'ta-thorax arc unudi 

 wider, more triaiiirnlar. In this and other respects, the thorax of the temale 

 JVi/^alia is ninch more like the male thorax than in Hi/hcruia and Auho- 

 pf-ri/x, and this diH'erence in structure is correlated w ith tiie larger whigs. In 

 all these (diaraelers. the I'emale Phiga/ia is intermediate between the normal 

 phahiMiid females and the apterous species. 



A third st(>p towards the normal female form is seen in the female Ope- 

 rhoptera bom//(i. i )n examination of a male and female received from Europe, 

 1 tind the foUowinij dillerences between the sexes: The head is as large, if 

 not larsjer, in the female as in the male; but th(^ eyes are still somewhat 

 smaller ami less rounded. Tin- front of the female is much wider. Tiie 

 palpi are as large and well developed as in the male, being much longer than 

 in the three previously-named genera, while the maxillte are as long as usual 

 in normal females, being rolled up between the palpi. The occiput is rather 

 long and larire: the epicranium large, very convex; cly])eal region srpiare, as 

 long as wide; orbits well marked; the clypeus narrows a little in front, the 

 edge bein^r distinctly emarginate : the mandibles as large and setiierous as 

 usual. The wings are equal in size : 11h> hinder pair being as large as the 

 anterior i)air. 'I'hey are marked as described beyond in the specific descrip- 

 tion. In the I'ore wing, the discal cell is very large. Tlu>re is a large sub- 

 costal cell sirn;it(^d in'ar the apex, and the median venuh>s are very short. 

 The submedian fold is very distinct, and the internal vein well marked. 



Tiie thorax is about as large as in the male; the two halves of tlu; pro- 

 scutum and teiiuhe much as in the male. Tin- mesoscntum is nearly sfjuare. 

 The scutellum is large: being hall' as long as wide. The metascutum is very 

 widely divided, the two halves being nearly as large as in the male; wlnle the 

 scutellum isol'the usual shape, but very short and w'ulc. The episterna and 

 epiinera collectively are shorter in pro|)ortion to the coxje and trochantines 

 collectively than in the three other genera. The co.ve and trochantines of 

 the metathorax arc much longer and narrower than those of the mesothorax. 

 We thus have successive stages of degradation from the nearly winged 

 () p H 



