110 



llie niiddlc. of May; tlif caterpillars from lliis second brood liybenialc, or 

 rather live through the winter, feedititr at intervals when the weather is mild; 

 the egg is flatfish, or depressed on the crown, and of a dingy -yellow color, 

 'resembling that of a pale-tinted chip-box'; it is laid on the leaves of wild 

 strawberry {Fragaria iwsca), and also, according to Gnenee, on birch and 

 white-thorn, and, according to Mr. Hellins, 'on sallow.' The young cater- 

 pillars emerge about fourteen days after the egg is deposited, and are at first 

 of a dirty-white, but soon acquire a green tinge, which contiinies to increase 

 as they advance toward maturity. When full-fed, this caterpillar usually 

 rests in a straight position, liiit, when ainioyed ordisturbed, tucks in its head, 

 bringing it in close contact with the legs, tiins causing the anterior half to 

 assume the volute I'orm. The head is about the same width as the second 

 segment, not notched on the crown, and sligiitly hairy. The body is almost 

 uniformly cylindrical, but somewhat restricted immediately behind the foui-th 

 segment, which is produced ventrally into a lumj), on the summit of which 

 ai'C seated the third pair of legs. The thirteenth segment below the anal flaj) 

 is produced into two j)arallel, 'acutely-pointed,' processes, directed back- 

 ward. The color of the head is pale opaque-green, with conspicuous Ijlack 

 ocelli. The body is pale yellow-green, with a medio-dorsal stripe, narrow 

 and indistinct, of a darker, duller green ; there is also on each side a paler 

 stripe, equally indistinct; and in many specimens, below this subdorsal stripe, 

 is a lateral, but often interrupted, ro.sy-red or purple stripe This red stripe is 

 accurately described by Guenee, and Mr. Doubleday assures me it is of com- 

 mon occurrence. The transverse skin-fold at each segmental division is yellow- 

 ish, and over the entire surface of the body are scattered minute, white warts, 

 each of which emits a slender hair, and is surrounded by an area slightly 

 darker than the prevailing ground-color. The anal points are generally tipped 

 with rose-color, and the legs and claspers are tipped with purple. When 

 full-fed, it spins a leaf together with a few slight threads, in the manner of a 

 spider's net, and in this Himsy retreat turns to a delicately-green, semi-trans- 

 parent chrysalis. 



"The moths appear in May and August, and are common in England, 



Scotland, and Ireland C. russata certainly hibernates in the 



caterpillar state ; but C. iinmanata passes the winter in the egg state 



The caterpillar of C. russata is dull-ochreous at first, hut afterward brightish- 

 green, and often ornamented wifli red on the sides. The caterpillar of C. 



