40(3 



(Iiiskv. ilorsiii stripr (il'lcii visible loward (lie time oi' issiiiiiir, — ''all tlu- luon- 

 n'ii)arkal)le that tlierc is no such stripe on tlie imago, when as in vrrnatd, 

 where the imago lias such a stripe, it is not indicated in the chrysalis."' Mr. Mann 

 states (Pvoc. Bost. 8oc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 163, 1874) that the i)upa^ of the feimdcs 

 of A. (nitunmata have Mell-developed wings. lie says they were developed 

 "even to such a point that in all which I examined for the purpose, six or 

 more, 1 counted the eight veins of the win<);s as ridges, and distinguished the 

 fifth or intermediate vein as arisiiig from the di,scal nervure." This will 

 undoubtedly apply to the other species of this genus .and the family where 

 the females are wingless. As to the causes for the abortion of the wings in 

 the females, it seems probable that this remarkable secondary sexual (diarac- 

 ter may have l)een originally due to seasonal changes acting on the adult 

 insect, and become a matter of inheritance, as we know that wingless (or 

 j)artially so) species of beetles and tlies are the result of the physical agencies 

 manifested on islands or from disuse. The local distribution of the canker- 

 worm seems due to the I'act that the females are apterous. W(' know that 

 there -axo in the Vhiihvu'nla' diU'erent grades of the apterous condition, hence 

 the causes which [)roduced such changes must have been comparatively 

 slight. 



I'HKIALIA Diiponchel. Plate 4, lig. l(i. 



AiiocheiiiiK Hiil)ii. (in p:irl). Vinv... ^U'.l, l^^ls. 



AiiiphUhish Tri-ils. (ill piU't), ScOiiii. Kill'., vi (i). 2.1'.), IS-JT. 



I'hifialia Oiiii., Ijcp. Frauue, vii (iv), ".iiXi, lS-i;>. 



".Im^)/iii/((si5 St.epli. (ill piirt), Cat. Lep., ii, 117, ISill." 



HUnmia lioisd., (ieii. Iiid., iy4, 1840. 



Aiiiph'Hiaxijx H,-Scli. (ill part), Sclim. Kiir., iii, '.III, 1^47. 



PhigaJiu Stepli., Cat. Br. Lep., ll)l,18')0. 



Letli'ier, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieii, 177, 18.53. 



Giieii., Flial., i, 195, 18.')7. 



Walk., List Lep. Hi^t. Br. iliis., xxi,a)7, iHiJU. 



Mali'. — .\nt('una' well pectinated, the pectinations long and very slender, 

 '^riie jialpi are a little longer, and the body is rather stouter than in Ani.so- 

 pti'ii/.v. Fore wiuiTs with the apex either as in Anisoptenj.v or more rouudell ; 

 the outer edge is shorter, and the hind wings are shorter t^lan in Anlsopteryx. 

 \'enation : Ihough so lU'ar Ani>i()])teri/.r in its general appearance, it differs 

 much in the venation; the costal vein is tree from the subcostal; there are 

 but hve subcostal venules, no subcostal cell, and the subcostal venules are not 

 curved up toward the costa as in Anlsoptoijx and Hijhernia. The disposition 

 ol the median veimles is more like that in Anixoptenix than Hyhernia. 



