LV 



important part and its progress in relation thereto in certain individuals may 

 at the height of the wet season be almost or entirely suspended. Notwith- 

 standing the fact that, therefore, the wet season undoubtedly exercises some 

 influence, if only indirectly, it is by no means clearly reflected in the appearance 

 of the ocelli and the assumption of the existence of sharply defined seasonal 

 varieties as the results is unwarranted since these do not, in Java at least, actually 

 exist; which, moreover, completely accords with what I have ascertained in this 

 respect in the case of the Pieridae. The study of the ocelli in other Satyridae, 

 such as Mycalesis Perseus L. and species of Ypthima, leads to the same result. 



The larvae of the Satyridae give occasion to some observations. In the 

 genus Ypthima the same colour dimorphism of green and brown larvae appears 

 to exist as was the subject of my careful investigations in the Sphingidae 

 larvae in Tij'dsclirift van Entoniologic, XL, and subsequently observed by DiErzE 

 {Deutsche Entom. Zeiiims;, Iris, XIV), in the larva of Tei'Hrolystis Druentiata. 

 As has been demonstrated by the study of the Sphingidae larvae, it can only 

 be a question of a regular, and therefore not an accidental, but evolutional 

 colour change, in short, of colour evolution. A striking fact, moreover, in 

 connection with these larvae — at least in so far as they are known, since 

 our knowledge in this respect is still very incomplete — is that whereas the 

 heads of the European Satyrus larvae, according to the illustrations given, 

 appear to be round, those in the genus Ypthima, while being round likewise, 

 are provided with two small spiny processes, while in the genus Mycalesis the 

 heads become bifurcate, and in the other Satyrid genera Cyllo, Debis, Orsitriaena, 

 as well as in the genus Elymnias, probably belonging to that family also, the 

 branches of these processes develop into true horns to which the processes 

 on the posterior extremity correspond in formation, terminating as they do in a 

 more or less developed bifurcation. The same is to be observed in a more 

 advanced stage in the Nymphalidae amongst which in the genus Neptis the 

 heads of the larvae are still more decidedly bilobed but in the other genera are 

 invariably provided with projections or so-called horns of various shapes, while 

 presumably in correlation with these various projections or spines are also 

 produced on the back and sides. It appears to me that this affords strong 

 confirmation of the suggestion that the family Nymphalidae has developed from 

 that of Satyridae which deserves the more consideration from the fact that some 

 systematists desire to place the genus Amathusia, considered to pertain to 

 Nymphalidae, for other reasons among Satyridae and in this respect, therefore, 

 a difference of opinion exists which is invariably the case where transition 

 forms occur which clearly demonstrate that in fact no definite limits exist. 



