in other cases. In the genus PAPiLro many instances of this will be observed, 

 giving rise to transition forms which distinctly indicate the course followed in 

 this development. According to Wood Mason the first pair of these processes 

 is movable ; I have observed this in only one species although I have reared 

 large numbers of these caterpillars, sothat this faculty appears to be in a state 

 of retrogression, being now found only in a few species or even in certain , 

 individuals only. Moore in his Lepidopiera Indka states that the larvae 

 occur on Asclepiadaceae but I have found them on various plants. 



The pupae are simply attached by their caudal extremity ; they are of stout 

 build, without projections, being rounded in outline, frequently with a bright 

 metallic lustre. The observation by Moore, concerning the pupae of Nym- 

 PHALiDAE, that the narrowness of the ventral side of the abdomen clearly indicates 

 that they are descended from a butterfly whose pupae were attached by means 

 of a girdle thread, applies equally to these pupae. The decrease in the faculty 

 of spinning, as this manifests itself in the pupae of the section Su.pa/si of 

 BoisDUVAL in comparison with those of his section siiccindi, is indeed, as I 

 have already stated, evidence of more advanced evolution in this respect, indi- 

 cating, therefore, that those forms in which it occurs must be of later development 

 than the others. 



I. Climena Cram. (PI. XI, fig. \a, \h, ic, id). 



Cramer, IF, p. 207, //. 389, £, F, (1782). . . 

 Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866,/. 2^2, fig. 2(3 

 Felder, Novara Lep., p. 335, (1864 — 1867). . . 

 Snellen, Tijdschr. v. Ent., 34, /. 231 (1891) . 

 Fruhstorfer (Seitz, Grosssc/im, d. Erde), p. 226, //. 

 86c (1910) 



Papilio Climena. 

 Euploea Sepulchralis. 



„ Zinckenii. 



„ Sepulchralis. 



„ Climena. 



The Javanese specimens belong to the form Sepulchralis Butl. (Zinckenii 

 Felder). 



Fruhstorfer distinguishes the specimens from E. Java as a separate form, 

 under the name of Ferissa, from those of W. Java, which he calls Sepul- 

 chralis. Without justification, however, for, as is shown by the accompanying 

 illustration (//. XI, Jig. la, \b), the increase in white occurs likewise in some 

 specimens from C. Java; it is, in fact, nothing but a manifestation, asserting 

 itself earlier or later in the various individuals, of the fading process of colour- 

 evolution. How uneven the course of this process is may be observed from 

 the fact that whereas all specimens from Bawean known to mc do not exhibit 



