30 



box were of an equally clear green as those found in the open. They are 

 much pestered by ichneumons. From a pupa of 4 April the imago emerged 

 on the 1 2'^ of the same month. 



Horsfield's figure of the larva is poor, that of the pupa a little better. 

 As to Semper's figures that of the larva, although likewise scarcely accurate, 

 is better than that of the pupa. 



8. LiMNiACE Cram. (PI. XV, fig. 25^', 2^6, 2y). 



Cramer, /, /. 92, //. 59, £>. E. (1779) Papilio Limniace. 



IV, p. \12, pi. 377. C. D. (1782) ... „ Melissa. 



HuBNER, Samml. Exot. Schm., I, pi. 19, c? (1806 — 1827). Limnas Limniace. 

 HoRSFiELD, Cat. Lcp., M. E. I. C, pi. 3, fig. 6 



(1828) Euploea 



Moore, Ibid., i, /. 121, //. A* Jig- 3. 3^ (1857) • • Danais 



Distant, R/iop. Mai., p. 16, tab. i,/j^. 9 (1882 — 1886). „ Septentrionis. 



Staudinger, Ettf/*. Sc/^w., />. 49,//. 24, d'(i884— 1888) „ Limniace. 



Moore, Lep. hid., I, p. 30, //. t, fig. i, \a (1890). Tirumala 



Stichel, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1 899, Sitz. Ber. i 7 Mai. Danais 



Fruhstorfer, „ „ „ 1 899, /. I 1 5 . . . 



Martin, Iris, 1910, /. 21 Tirumala Limniace, var. Makassara. 



1 9 10, /. 23 „ Melissa, var. Govana. 



Fruhstorfer, (Seitz, Grosssckm. d. Erde), p. 202 



(igio) Danais Melissa. 



Snellen has noted that of the present species the type as well as the 

 forms Septentrionis and Melissa occur in Java. The Javanese specimens of 

 the typical form have been christened Myrsillos by Fruhstorfer. 



W.J. Batavia (4 — 14); Tjampea (160); Movmt Karang in the prov. 

 Bantam ; mountains in the prov. Prayangan. 



C. J. Touban (4) and Semarang (6) on the north coast; prov. Tegal; 

 prov. Madioun; Jokjokarta (113). 



E. J. Prov. Kediri ; prov. Besouky ; prov. Banyouwangy. 



The forms of this species have been dealt with extensively by Fruhstorfer 

 in Berliner Etitofu. Zeitschr., 1899 and by Dr. L. Martin in Deutsche 

 Ent. Zeitschr. Iris, 19 lo, where they have based several species and sub- 

 species on these various forms ; the latter attributes them to climatic influences. 

 I suspect that here again we have simply to deal with phenomena of colour 

 evolution ; the specially pronounced spreading of the white, which plays the 



