75 



HoRSFiELD, Cat. Lif. M. E. I. C, //. 8, //V. 8a, b 



(1828) Melanites Undularis. 



HoRSFiELD and Moore, Ibid., I, /. 237, //. 6, 



fig. 7, la (1857) 



Staudinger, Exot. Sclnn., /. 237, //. 86 (1884 — 



1888) Elymnias „ 



Moore, Lep. Ind., II, /. 145,//. 133, Ai,'. i, \a~c 



('894) „ Undularis. 



Bingham, Fauna Brit. India, I, /. 171 (1905). . „ „ 



Fruhstorfer, Iris, XX, /. 174 (1907) .... „ Hypermnestra. 



„ (Seitz, Grossschni. d. Erde), /. 374, 



//. 8;^ (191 I) 



W. J. Batavia (3—14); Depok (95); Buitenzorg (265); Tjampea (160); 

 vicinity of the Pelabouan Ratou or Wijnkoops Bay and the Tjiletou or Sand 

 Bay (+ 1 50) on the south coast. 



C J. Semarang (6); prov. Tegal; Touban on the north coast (6); 

 Magelang (500). 



E. J. Sourabaya (6); Banyoupoutih, prov. Probolingo (45); Madoura. 



This is one of the commonest butterflies in Java ; but not so abundant in 

 the mountains as in the lowlands where the principal, food of the larva, Cocos 

 Nucifera L., is found in plenty. It is everywhere met with in gardens and 

 the r? may at times be seen frolicking together in the sun so that any one, 

 not acquainted with the striking difference in colour between the male and 

 female, would doubtless conclude he was witnessing the preliminary play of the 

 sexes before pairing. For this is no fighting but manifest play ; I have, indeed, 

 witnessed it on one occasion for half an hour before they separated and went 

 their own way. Bates mentions the same fact with regard to 6 of small 

 Heliconidae. Once I noticed a c? of the present species diffusing a very 

 unpleasant odour on being strongly compressed. In the introduction I have 

 already dealt with the sexual colour dimorphism in this species and the inter- 

 pretation of mimicry in connection with it. 



The reddish brown band along the lower margin on the upper side of the 

 hind-wings in the cf, as well as the general orange colour and black on the 

 upper side of the 9, is darker in some individuals and lighter in others without 

 seasonal differences being thereby indicated. 



The caterpillar occurs on the leaves of ke/apa (Cocos Nuciffra L.), of 

 pinang (Areca Catechu L.), arcn (Arenga saccharifera Lab.), kiray (Metroxy- 

 i.oN Sagus Rottb.), and other species of palms. Young individuals are green 



