54 CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 



This is a sec- Xii respcct of til 6 Understanding by the iJnited States 

 in the^Sacrit that the claims advanced by the Ukase of 1821 had been 

 is explained that entirely relinquished by the Russian and United 



its issue was ren- r^ , , "V^ i- i> -i L>i> i j.i j? 11 • • x- i 



dered necessary 69 Statcs Convention ot 1824, the following is found on 

 c^opfJs'^of ^the a later page of the volume last referred to : 



beTn oTdered^for Tliis Convention does not appear to oflfer any grounds for dispute as 

 the General Gov- to the construction ol' its stipulations, but is, on the contrary, clear, 

 ennnent. and equally favourable to both nations. The rights of both parties 



Thesamework. ^^ navigate every part of the Pacilic, and to trade with the natives of 

 London ml""^' imy places on the coasts of that sen, not already occupied, are first 



Roth ' editions distinctly acknowledged, &c. (p. 342). 

 contain maps, ^., , ,1 un^i- j.-j_' i 



which anpear to It IS thus clear,*as thc-result of the investigations under- 

 d'tflrent'^'f iom takcu by Grecuhow on behalf of the United States Govern- 



the maps accom- jjjgi^t 



S'thoughln: That Behring Sea was a part of the Pacific ; 



eluding nearly That the uorth-west coast was understood to extend to 



the same limits . . 



with them. Behriug Strait. 



ThatRussia relinquished her asserted claims over "every 

 part of the. Pacific." 



RUSSIAN INTERPRETATION OF " PACIFIC OCEAN." 



That the phrase "Pacific Ocean" in the Treaty included 

 Behring Sea is still further shown by the reply of the 

 Eussian Government to Governor Etholin in 1812, when he 

 wished to keep American whalers out of Behring Sea: 



The claim to a mare clauauvx, if we wished to advance such a claim 

 1 respect to the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, could not be theo- 

 vol i No 5 retically justified. Under Article I of the Convention of 1824 between 

 ^"■^' ■ • Biissia aiid the United States, tchich is still in force, American citizens 

 have a right to fish in all parts of the Pacific Ocean. But under Article 

 IV of the same Convention, tlie ten years' period mentioned in that 

 Article having expired, we have power to forbid American vessels to 

 visit inland seas, gulfs, harbours, and bays for the purposes of fish- 

 ing and trading with the natives. That is the limit of our rights, 

 and we have no power to prevent American ships from taking whales 

 in the open sea. 



Again, in the reply of the Eussian Government to rep- 

 Ibid. resentations of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia 



in 1846, the following words occur: 



We have no right to exclude foreign ships from that part of the great 

 ocean which sejiarates tlie eastern shore of Siberia from the north- 

 western shore of America, &c. 



of America,' by Robert Greenhow, Esq., Translator and Librarian of 

 the Department of State. 



"I avail, &c. (Signed) " James Buchanan." 



"Mr. Pakenham 1o the Earl of Aberdeen. 

 "Washington, Jidy 29, 1845. (Received August 16.) 

 "My IjOKD : I have the honour herewith to transmit a copy of a note 

 which I have received from the Secretary of State of the Uniteil States, 

 accompanied by a coi)y of Mr. Greenhow's work on Oregon and Cali- 

 fornia, which, in pursuance of an Act of Congress, is iJicsoutcd to Her 

 Majesty's ( iovernmcut. 



"Although Mr. Greenhow's book is already in your Lordship's ]ios- 

 sessioii, I iliink it right, in consei(uencc of the official cliaractcr with 

 which it is presented to forward to your Lordship the iucloseil volnuw, 

 being the identical one which has been sent to me by Mr. Buchanan. 



"I have not failed to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Bucliauau's 

 note in suitable terms. 



"I have, Ac. (Signed) "K. Pakknham." 



Tikhmenielf. 

 See Appendix, 



