APPENDIX TO CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 285 



been regarded as successful when they have given a new territory. The 

 discoverer who liad phmted the tiag of his Sovereign on a distant coast 

 has been received as a conqueror. The ingratitude which was shown to 

 Cohimbus during hishiter days was compensated by the epitaph that he 

 had given a new workl to Castile and Leon. His discoveries were con- 

 tinued by other navigators, and Spain girdled the earth with her posses- 

 sions. Portugal, France, Holland, England, each followed the example 

 of Spain and rejoiced in extended Empire. 



Our territorial acquisitions are among the landmarks of our history. 

 In 1803 Louisiana, embracing the valley of the Mississippi, was acquired 

 from France for 15,000,000 dollars. In 1819 Florida was acquired from 

 Spain for 3,000,000 dollars. In 1845 Texas was annexed without any 

 purchase, but subsequently her debt was assumed to the amount of 

 7,500,000 dollars. In 1818 California, jSTew Mexico, and Utah were 

 acquired from Mexico after war, and on payment of 15,000,000 dollars. 

 In 1854 Arizona was acquired from Mexico for 10,000,000 dollars. And 

 now it is proposed to acquire Eussian America. 



The j)assion for acquisition, which is so strong in the individual, is 

 not less strong in the community. A nation seeks an outlying terri- 

 tory as an individual seeks an outlying farm. The passion shows 

 itself constantly. France, passing into Africa, has annexed Algeria. 

 Spain set her face in the same direction, but without the same success. 

 There are two Great Powers with which annexation has become a habit. 

 One is Eussia, which from the time of Peter the Great has been moving 

 her flag forward in every direction, so that on every side her limits have 

 been extended. Even now the report comes that she is lifting her south- 

 ern lajulmarks in Asia, so as to carry her boundary to India. The other 

 annexationist is Great Britain, which from time to time adds another 

 province to her Indian dominion. If the United States have from time 

 to time added to their dominion they have only yielded to the universal 

 passion, although I do not forget that the late Theodore Parker was 

 accustomed to say that among all people the Anglo-Saxons were remark- 

 able for " a greed of land." It was land, not gold, that aroused the 

 Anglo-Saxon phlegm. I doubt, however, if this passion be stronger 

 with us than with others, excei)t, perhaps, that in a community where 

 all participate in government the national sentiments are more active. 

 It is common to the human family. There are few anywhere who could 

 hear of a considerable accession of territory, obtained peacefully and 

 honestly, without a pride of country, even if at certain moments the 

 judgment hesitated. With an increased size on the nuip there is an 

 increased consciousness of strength, and the citizen throbs anew as he 

 traces the extending line. 



EXTENSION OF REPUBLICAN INSTITUTIONS. 



3. More than the extension of dominion is the extension of Eepub- 

 lican institutions, which is a traditional aspiration. It was in this 

 spirit that independence was achieved. In the name of human rights 

 our fathers overthrew the kingly power, whose Eepresentative was 

 George III. They set themselves openly against this form of govern- 

 ment. They were against it for themselves, and offered their example 

 to mankind. They were Eoman in character, and turned to Eouian 

 lessons. With a cynical austerity the early Cato said that Kings were 

 "carnivorous animals," and at his instance the Eoman Senate decreed 

 that no King should be allowed within the gates of the city. A kindred 

 sentiment, with less austerity of form, has been received from our fathers ; 



