294 APPENDIX TO CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 



the Astor Library; the very recent work of Murray on the "Geograph- 

 ical Distribution of Mammals ;" the worlv of iSir Joliii Kichardson, " Fauna 

 Boreali-Americana;" "Latliam on Nationalities" inthechaptersof which 

 treat of the population of Kussiau America; the "Encyclopaedia Bri- 

 tanuica;" and the admirable "Atlas of Physical Geography" by Keith 

 Johnston. I mention also an elaborate article by Uolmberg, in the 

 Transactions of the Finland Society of Sciences at Helsingfors, said to 

 be replete with infornmtion on the ethnogra])hy of the north-west coast. 



Perliaps the most i)recise and valnable information has been contrib- 

 uted by Germany. The Germans are the best geographers; besides 

 many liussiau contributions are in German, Miiller, who recorded the 

 discoveries of Behring, was a German. jSIothing more important on 

 this subject has ever appeared than the German work of tlie Ivussian 

 Admiral von Wraugel, "Statistische uiul EthnograidiischeNaclirichten 

 iibur die Bussischen Besitzungen an der Nordwestkiiste von America," 

 first published by Baer in his Bussian "Beitriige" in 1839. There is 

 also the " Verhandlnngen der Bussisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen 

 Gesellschaft zu St. Petersburg," 1848 and 1819, which contains an 

 elaborate article, in itself a volume, on the orography and geology of 

 the north-west coast and the adjoining islands, at the end of which is a 

 bibliographical list of the works and materials illustrating the discovery 

 and history of the west half of North America and the neighbouring 

 seas. I may also refer generally to the " Archiv fiir Wissenschaftliche 

 Kunde von Bussland," edited by Erman, but especially the volume for 

 18()o, containing the abstract of Golowin's Beport on the Bussian 

 Colonies in North Ameri(;a as it ap])eared originally in the "Morskoi 

 Sbornich," Besides these there are Wappiius' "Handbuch von Geo- 

 graphie und Statistik von Nord Amerika," published at Leipsic in 1855; 

 Peterman in his "Mittheilungen iiber wichtige neue Erforschungen auf 

 dem gesammtgebiete der Geograiihie" for 1850, vol. ii, p. 480; for 1859, 

 vol. V, p. 41; and for 1803, vol. ix, pp. 70, 230, 277, 278; Kittlitz "Denk- 

 wiirdigkeiten einer Beise nach dem Bussischen America diirch Kam- 

 tschatka," published at Gothain 1858; also by the same author, " The 

 Vegetation of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacitic," translated from 

 the Gennan and jniblished at London in 1801. 



Much recent inlbrmation has been derived from the great Com])anies 

 possessing the monopoly of trade here. Latterly there has been an 

 unexpected purveyor in the Bussian-American Telegraph Company, 

 under the direction of Colonel Charles L. Bulkley, and here our own 

 conntryinen come to help us. To this expedition we are indebted for 

 authentic evidence with regard to the character of the country and the 

 great rivers which traverse it. The Smithsonian Institution and the 

 Chicago Academy of Sciences co operated with the Telegraph Company 

 in the investigation of the natural history of the region. Major Kenni- 

 cott, a young naturalist, originally in the service of the Institution, and 

 Biiector of tlie Museum of tlu! Chicago Academy, was the entcr])rising 

 chief of the Y(mkon division of the expedition. While in the midst of 

 his vahmble labours he died suddenly in the month of May last at Nula to, 

 on the banks of the great river, the Kwich])ak, which may be called the 

 Mississij)])! of the north, far away in the interior and on the confines of 

 the Arctic Circle, where the sun Avas visible all night. Even after death 

 lie was still an explorer. J^'rom this remote outpost his remains, after 

 descending the uidvuown river in an Es(juimaux boat of seal skins, 

 steered by the faithful (companion of his labours, were trans])orted by 

 way of Panann'i to his home at Chi(;ag(), where he now lies buried. Such 

 an incident cannot be forgotten, and his name will always remind us of 



