CERVID^ 9 



present ; * hemispheres of brain with numerous convo- 

 lutions ; antlers present, except in Hydropotcs ; foot-glands 

 usually present ; t no caudal or preputial glands. 



The following is a "key," mainly based on external 

 characters, to genera here recognised : — 



A. Antlers absent in females ; muzzle with at least 

 a small bare muffle. 



a. Upper canines tusk-like in males. 



rt'. Antlers wanting ; naviculo-cuboid and cunei- 

 form bones of tarsus separate Hydroj^ofea. 



hK Antlers present, surmounting long pedicles 

 and relatively small ; naviculo-cuboid and 

 cuneiform bones of tarsus united. 

 a^. Antler-pedicles continued downwards as 



prominent converging frontal ridges Mnntiacufi. 



h". Antler-pedicles divergent, not continued 



downwards as prominent frontal ridges FJapliodiis. 



b. Upper canines, when present, not tusk-like. 



&\ Lateral metacarpals represented by their upper 



extremities.^ 



b-. Antlers with a simple basal or sub-basal 



brow-tine, and at least two other tines ; 



tail short or medium. 



b^. Antlers markedly palmate ; upper canines 



wanting ; hoofs of hind-feet united only 



at " heels " § by a close fold of skin Da ma. 



c^. Antlers not markedly palmate ; upper 

 canines generally present || ; hind-hoofs 

 united nearly throughout their basal 



depth by a deep interungual web Cervus. 



c^. Antlers not forking till some distance above 

 base, and the front tine again forked ; tail 



long Elaph urns. 



c' . Lateral metacarpals represented by their lower 

 extremities, 

 c^. Vomer not dividing posterior aperture of 

 nostrils into two chambers, 

 c*. Antlers diverging at an angle of about 40° 

 to mid frontal suture, 3-tined ; face-glands 

 wanting ; muzzle normal ; tail rudi- 

 mentary Cajn-eolus. 



cP. Antlers diverging nearly at right angles 

 to mid frontal suture ; many tined and 

 often palmate ; face-glands present ; 

 muzzle pendulous, with very small bare 

 muffle ; tail short Alces. 



* Wanting in Capreolus and one species of Pud a. 



t Wanting in Pudu. 



X Occasionally wanting. 



§ See vol. i, p. 172. 



II Wanting in subgenus Hyelaphus, and occasionally Axis. 



