24() CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



skull of B. t. fennicus, and thus iudicating a race larger than 

 of the other Old World forms, and probably related to the 

 American It. t. caribou. 



No specimen in collection. 



G.— Rang-ifer tarandus caribou. 



Cervus tarandus caribou, Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 177, 1788. 



Cervus hastalis, Agassig, SilUma/ri's Journ. 1847, p. 436. 



Eangifer caribou, Audubon and Bacliman, Quadrupeds N. Amer. 

 vol. iii, p. Ill, 1853; Baird, N. Amer. Mamm. p. 633, 1857; 

 J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. viii, p. 234, 1896 ; 

 Miller, Proc. Boston Sac. vol. xxviii, p. 40, 1897 ; Elliot, Synop. 

 Mamm. N. Amer. {Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. ii) p. 35, 1901, 

 Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (op. cit. vol. viii, p. 40, 1907); Grant, 

 1th Bep. New York Zool. Soc. p. 5, 1902; Stone and Cram, 

 American Animals, p. 47, 1903. 



Tarandus hastalis, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixviii, 



pt. 1, p. 349, 1873, vol. Ixix, pt. 1, p. 542, 1874. 

 Eangifer tarandus caribou. True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. vli, 



p. 592, 1885 ; Lydekkcr, Deer of All Lands, p. 42, 1898, Great 



and Small Game of Europe, etc. p. 29, 1901 ; Pocock, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 960 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, 



p. 84, 1910, ed. 7, p. 84, 1914. 



Eangifer caribou caribou, Miller, List N. Amer. Mamm. p. 392, 

 1912. 



Caribou, or Woodland Caribou. 



Typical locality Eastern Canada. 



A large-sized race, with the antlers stout, flattened, much 

 palmated, and not of excessive length, one of the brow-tines 

 being much expanded, while the other is simple; the bez- 

 tine is also more palmated than in the Scandinavian reindeer, 

 and the l)ack-tine well developed. f'emale antleis are 

 proportionately smaller than in the typical race. General 

 colour much darker than in the Newfoundland race (p. 248), 

 the dark area extending over the anterior half of the lower 

 surface of the body; and, except the extremity of the 

 upper lip, the muzzle as dark as the face, no light ring 

 round the eye; on the limbs the white restricted to a 

 sharply-defined band of about half-an-inch in width above 

 the hoofs, but ascending behind to enclose the lateral hoofs ; 

 lower incisors diminishing gradually in size from middle to 

 outer pair. 



