BREAKING YOUNG HORSES 207 



When the rope is tightened by the animal pulling at it after 

 it has been fastened to the halter, it will be seen that the 

 harder the pull the more secure will be the loose end, while 

 it can be undone in a moment in case of need directly the 

 strain is relaxed. The knowledge how to attach a rope 

 to a short-tailed horse may be of great use at other times, 

 especially when a horse is needed to pull another out of 

 a ditch, for a horse can pull an immense weight by his tail, 

 and there is no fear of his thus being injured. 



PLATE XI. 

 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. 



A. 



Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 



Another excellent plan introduced by Mr. Galvayne is the 

 teaching a horse to stand quiet when tied up, without 

 endeavouring to break the rope which holds it, by running 

 back. Many a cunning horse learns this trick, but it 

 remained for Mr. Galvayne to show us the remedy. It is 

 simple enough. The head-rope must be arranged so that it 

 communicates with another rope passing under the tail, and 

 then when the horse endeavours to back its whole weight is 

 thrown upon the tender skin under the tail, which it finds 

 unbearable, and therefore at once steps forward again. 

 After one or two tries nothing will prevail upon the horse to 

 step back again, and in defiance of cracking whips, or squibs 

 let off under its nose, the educated horse remains still and 



