RHOPALOCERA MALA YANA. 



Subfam. DANAIN^. 



Dantihiii, Bates, Journ. Ent., ii., p. 176 (186-1). 

 Kiijiliiimc, Jloorc, Lepid. Ccylou, vol. i., p. 1 (1881). 



Lo\Yei- disco-cellular nervule of the hind wing perfect. Larvae smooth, with fleshy processes. 

 Fore-wing submediau nervure of the imago double at its origin. 



65 6 4 i)3 6 2 61 a h h m 



Kid. 0. I-arva o{ Danais chrysippus. 

 (From Moore's ' Lep. Ceylon.) 



d e dS ((2 

 Fig. 5. 



Fid. 4. Anterior wing of Eiiplaa phiebtts: — a, costal nervure; b, subcostal nervure; i 1, i2. 6 :J, 64, 6 5, subcostal uervules; 

 c 1, c2, discoidal nervules ; d, niecUan nervure; dl, <Z2. rf ;l, median uervules ; c. subniedian nervure; /I, /2, disco-cellular uervules; 

 ft, costa or anterior margin; i, posterior or outer margin; j, inner margin; k. ajiex or anterior angle; I, posterior or anal angle; 

 m, discoidal cell. 



Fig. 5. Posterior wing (under side) of DoHais scJ;(('n^r/oHis: — ri. h, hi. h'i. d, dl, di. d^t, e, cl, as in fig. 4 ; f;. internal nervure ; 

 m, precostal nervure; n, abdominal or inner margin; o, discoidal cell. 



This subfamily is divided into two groups the iirst of which only is found in, but not 

 restricted to, the Oriental region, the other being pecuhar to Tropical America. 



This division of the Danaime into two groups, corresponds to the proposals originally 

 made and admirably argued by Fritz Miiller,* to some of whose conclusions we shall 

 subsequently refer. 



If we compare these two groups of Danahuv, or more roughly the Danaince of the Old and 

 New Worlds, we are at once struck with the fact that in each case there is a transition between 

 more or less diaphanous winged butterflies, such as Hcstia and Ideopsis (Oriental) and Ithomia 

 part (Tropical American), on the one hand, and opaque or closely-scaled winged butterflies, on 

 the other. Miiller,! in discussing the progenitors of these groups, is inclined to the belief 

 that the darker insects indicate the original marking and colouring ; for he holds that if such 

 progenitors had possessed wings with large transparent spaces, it is improbable that such a 

 large number of the existing species should have reverted to a still earlier type of wing 

 completely clothed with scales. This view is even more strongly evidenced in the Old World 

 Danaince. 



Group DANAINA. 



Daiiaimi, Gotlm. & Salv., Biol. Ceutr. Am., Khopal., p. 1 (1879). 



Male with a pair of anal pencils of hair ; Ijasal joints of palpi short ; distal end of tarsus and tarsal 

 joints of front leg of female flattened, so as to give a club-shaped termination to the leg ; tibia of male 

 as long as the femur ; tarsus (in some form) always present. 



■•■ 'Kosinos,' 1879, p. 100; and translation by Meldola, ' Proc. Eut. Soc.,' 1879, p. xx. f Ibid. 



