JtllOl'ALOCERA MALAYAXA. 13 



a narrow slit, MiiUcv remarks that odours ct)ukl hardly be freely emitted. He therefore 

 hazards the speculation that the aual tufts of hair might he introduced into the pouches, to 

 be impregnated there with odoriferous matter. A proposition like this, though probable, 

 necessarily requires verification, which an observer of such exactitude and patience as Midler 

 will doubtless endeavour to supply. It is possibly towards such at })resent unproved postulates 

 that Karl Semper, quoting Jaeger,* remarks that enough has been done in the way of 

 philosophising by Darwinists, and that the task that now lies hefore us is to apply the test of 

 exact investigation to the hypotheses we have laid down. 



This genus represents, with the other members of the Diiiitiiinc, a "protected" group of 

 insects, which, from distastefulness or other causes, enjoys an immunity from the attacks 

 of birds and other enemies. The testimony to this fact is undoubted and too voluminous to 

 insert here; but even in tenacity of life Danais is remarkable, and Mr. Trimen f records how 

 South African specimens, caught, pinched and pinned by his native collectors, would nearly all, 

 on the withdrawal of the pins, "fly off in a 'nonchalant' manner, as if nothing had befallen 

 tliem." Mr. Meldola I was disposed to consider (and with good reason) that these insects 

 possess an immunity after death from the attacks of mites and other museum pests. He had 

 in his possession a hox of old Indian insects, the greater part of which had been demolished by 

 mites; the only surviving specimens, in addition to a rapiliu, being Dauaids. This view, however, 

 will require further confirmation, as in some East xifrican insects which have lately passed through 

 my hands, specimens of D. dorippus have the bodies nearly destroyed by these attacks. 



Seven species alone are at present known from the Malayan Peninsula. Criiger, § in a 

 short notice of Malaccan Lepidoptera, refers to another species, l>. uijlca, but this may prove 

 to rest on a mistaken determination. 



A. Anterior icings wiHi the second subcostal ncrvnlc emitted a little he/are the end of discoid<d cell. 

 a. M(de possessijtg two distinct scent-glands on posterior n-ini/s. 



h. Posterior wings with costid margin sliglitli/ em red, and irith the first subcostal nernile ciirced 

 anil lioiger than the seemid. 



1. Danais aspasia, tar. crocea. (Tab. I., tig. 7.) 



I'apiliu astasia, Fabriciiis, Mant. Inss., ii., p. 15, u. 145 |17S7) ; Eut. Syst., iii., p. 170, n. 520 (1793). 

 Danais crocea, Biitl., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1800, p. 57, n. 53, pi. 4, fig. 5; Trans. Linn. Soc, scr. 2, Zool. 



vol. i., p. 530, 7 (1877). 

 Danais asjMisia, Butl., Cat. Fabr. Lop., p. 7 ilHOO). 

 Bahora aspasia, Moore, MS. 



Male. Anterior wings above black or fuscous, with tlie following pale hyaline markings : — three 

 subcostal spots, the inner one situated between hrst and second subcostal nervules ; beneath these are two 

 elongated streaks, followed by four small suljapical spots placed in slightly curved oblique scries, the ujjper 

 one very indistinct ; two irregularly shaped spots above iirst median nervule, three between first and 

 second median nervules, three between second and third median nervules, the inner one large and 

 subquadrate ; a very large spot (tinged with yellow) occupying basal two-thirds of area between third 

 median nervule and submedian uervure, followed by a small irregular spot ; and a marginal series of small 



■■■■ 'Animal Life,' (Preface, 1881). f Eut. Mo. Jlag., vol. iv., p. 217. \ Proc. Eut. Soc, 1877, p. xii. 



§ Verliandl. d. Ver. f. iiaturwissenseli. Uiiterh. v.. Hamb., iii.. p. 29 (1878). 



Maech 31, 1882. K 



