22 nilOPMAX'EllA MALAYASA. 



jutlgiug from analogy, considered as scent-producing organs, and I have alluded to them here 

 as pse"ido sccnt-ghinds or brands. On the other hand, they may serve for purposes of 

 "strigillation," as proposed by Butler,* being impressed upon that portion of the anterior 

 wings^ which comes in contact with the anterior margin and prominent costal nervure of the 



posterior wings. 



Like other genera of the Dainiliur, and especially Thtnais, this genus enjoys an immunity 

 from the oi'dinary enemies of butterflies, and hence may be described as possessing a strongly 

 "protective" character. In tropical America, the widely distributed and extensive genus 

 Helironius was iirst shown to enjoy this protection or immunity by Bates,! a fact subsequently 

 and amply confirmed by Belt. I Wallace, who enjoyed the unusual opportunity of observing both 

 these genera in a state of nature and in their widely separated habitats, writing from Singapore, 

 states, " The Euphnis here quite take the place of the IhUvonkhr of the Amazons, and exactly 

 resemble them in their habits." § 



I at present only include seventeen species of Euphea as found in the Malay Peninsula, 

 though it is probable that more remain to be discovered, particularly in the Northern and 

 Eastern districts. || These species (in whatever way we may define that term) are also of 

 very unequal value. What appears to be three distinct and constant local forms of one species 

 frequently occur, of which we have three instances in this fauna. Thus E. malayica and 

 E. midaiiina have distinct and constant representatives both in Java and Borneo (of the last named, 

 the Bornean representative is reported as having been received from Malacca), and E. dioclctianus 

 possesses distinct and representative forms both in North India and Borneo. 



A. Males ncitluT proridcd ivitli n pseiido Hcinii-ijJunil or hrtDid to (intrriar irinps, nor irifli jmlc disciii(I(tl 

 jxitcli ti) jxistcrior irniij>i. 

 a. Mulct; irith tin- iuitcr iiKtrijiii i if the uiitrriiir irhiiia uiiicli prodiircd and convex. 



1. Euploea malayica. (Tab. 11., tig. 7.) 



L'ruxtiii titahojiea, Butler, Jouru. Linu. Soc, vol. xiv., p. 297, 3 (]878). 



Ku/iheii oclisndiriiiieri, Viir. (b), Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc, 180G, p. 271. 



KhjiIivii iiclmenlK'iiiirri, lUitl., Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. 2, Zool., vol. i., p. 535, ii. 2 (1877). 



Adii/aiim iiiiiliii/iea, Moore, MS. 



Male. Wings aliovc (Lirk shinin.i!; brown, spotted with wliite. Anterior wings with the following white 

 spots : — one before and one after second subcostal nervnle : one in cell ii little before lower disco-cellular 

 nervule : a waved discal series of six spots placed between the nervules, the upper three of which are largest, 

 and the upper one placed above first disco-cellular nervule, the last and most linear one being below third 

 median nervule ; a submarginal series of eight spots, the upper and innermost one of the series being situate 

 between third and fourth subcostal nervules, the lower one placed lietween third median nervule ; and 

 a marginal series of smaller spots. Posterior wings with a marginal and submarginal series of small white 

 spots. Wings beneath marked as above, but posterior wings i)0ssessing in addition seven small white discal 



* Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool., vol. xiv., y. 2!l-2. f Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xxiii., 186-J, p. 495 et seq. 



\ VviH-. Eiit. Soc, 1866, p. xlv., and ' Naturalist in Nicaragua,' p. 31G. § ' Zoologist,' p. 4396 (1854). 



1 Butler (.lourn. Linn. Soc, Zool., vol. xiv., p. 295, 41) gives another species, E. ccgyptus, as liavin;,' been received 

 from Singapore. That Singapore specimen, however, no longer remains in the National CoUeetiou under that name, and 

 was probably so recorded in error. 



