liHOPALOCKllA MALAVANA. 71 



margin of the posterior wings, one being niiirginal iiiul twn sulmmrt^inul, the middle one darkest and the 

 inner one palest. The posterior wings possess two large submarginal ocellated spots, which are ochraceous, 

 speckled with fuscous, possessing white centres and black outer margins, the inner borders of which are 

 narrowly ochraceous ; the lower and larger spot has the white centre somewhat lunate, and is followed 

 posteriorly by a broad blackish suffusion : the upper of these spots is situate between the subcostal ncrvules, 

 and the lower one between the second and third median nervules. The anal-angular prolongation of the 

 posterior wings is spotted as above and has a large central castaneous suffusion. Body and legs nu)re or 

 less concolorous with wings. 



The male possesses four long, curved tufts of luiir on each side of tlie terminal segments of the 

 abdomen. A somewhat similar tuft is situate about the centre of the abdominal margin to the posterior 

 wings, on the inner side of the submedian nervure ; and between the submedian nervure and third median 

 nervule within a fold of the wing are also a few long hairs. Both of these, judging by analogous reasoning, 

 are probably the coverings of scent-glands or pouches. 



Female. Larger than the male ; wings above paler, with an ochraceous discal fascia crossing both 

 wings, widest near costa of anterior wings, and very narrow on posterior wings ; the submarginal fasciae as 

 in male, but concolorous with the ochraceous margins. Wings beneath as in male, but much paler. 



Exp. wings, 3 96 to 101 millim. ; 5 108 to IVI millim. 



Had. — Andaman Islands (colls. Moore and Calc. Mus.) — Tenasserim ; Meetau (Limborg). — Malay 

 Peninsula; Penaug; Province Wellesley (colls. Dist. and Sauer) ; Malacca (Brit. Mus.) — Sumatra (coll. 

 Moore). — Billiton (coll. Godm. & Salv.) — Java (Horsf. Coll. Brit. Mus.) — Borneo (coll. Godm. .V- Salv.) ; 

 Banjermasin (coll. Dist.) — Celebes (Snellin). — Siam ; Chentaboon (coll. Godm. & Salv.) 



This species varies in the depth and intensity of hue possessed by the fuscous fascite on 

 the under surfaces of the wings, as exhibited in the male and female forms here figured, and 

 which may be taken as typical of the varietal extremes. 



It is also of crepuscular flight. In Java and Celebes, according to Piepers, " the sun has 

 scarcely set before we see everywhere" this and a few other species of like habits ; but the same 

 author remarks, "I never saw these species wandering about at night in the moonlight, or 

 entering lighted rooms, like the true night-moths, which are very numerous, although, like the 

 latter, they sit still and repose all day, and if disturbed only fly a little way and settle again 

 directly." * Mr. Collingwood speaks of these l)utterflies in the Bornean island, Labuan, as making 

 " their appearance near sunset, when, from their large size, they might be almost mistaken for 

 small bats."f In the Malay Peninsula A. jihidippus possesses the local name of "cocoa-nut 

 moth," and, as Mr. Bigg writes, " it delights in shady places, and is especially found about 

 attap-sheds and on dead cocoa-nut leaves."^ The dull coloration of this species especially 

 assimilates it to such an environment, and affords a very fair example of what is understood by 

 "protective resemblance," or, as it might also be expressed, assimilative coloration. § 



''■■ Tijil. Eut. xix. pp. xviii. to xxiv., and English tnuislutiou by Kirby, 'Entomologist,' s. p. 271. 



■j- 'Kiirubles of a Naturalist,' p. 183. i Mouth. Packet, vol. ii. p. 191 (1881). 



§ Although the theory of "protective resemblance" in animal life o\ve.s its elucidation to the labours and insight 

 of Wallace and Darwin, it, like other similar facts, had not escaped the attention of the older naturalists of teleologieal 

 tendencies. Thus St. Pien-e (' Studies of Natiire,' Hunter's transl. vol. ii. p. 17i), 1809) relates : — " In the month of March last 

 I observed, by the brink of the rivulet which washes the Gobelins, a Imttei-Hy (moth?) of the colour of brick, reposing with 

 expanded wings on a tuft of gi'ass. On my approaching him he flew off. lie alighted at some paces distance on the ground, 

 which at that ])lace was of the same coloiu- with himself. I approached him a second time ; he took a second flight, and 

 perched again on a similar stripe of earth. In a word, I found it was not in my power to oblige him to alight on the grass, 

 tl)ough I made frequent attempts to that effect, and though the spaces of earth wliich separated the lurly soil were narrow 

 and few in number." My late friend D. G. Eutherford recorded somewhat similar habits in an African butterily, Alerica 

 melear/ris, the colour of whose wings beneath, when at rest, so assimilated with the colour of the soil on which it settled as to 

 make its detection a matter of the greatest difficulty (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1878, p. xlii) ; and Mr. Jenner Weir has exhibited 

 specimens ol' Ifiji/tarrhia semele which also showed a tendency to vary beneath in accordance with the nature of the soil in 

 the different districts in which they had been found (ibid. p. xUx). 



