BIIOPALOCERA MALA VAX A . 



lOS 



region, — and state the specific extent and range of his proposed new genera. The few facts of 

 cfeof^raphical distribution which we possess, and which have been formulated on the Libours 

 and decisions of the systematist, with the general concurrence of speciahsts, ought not to 

 be invahdated by the hasty erection of new genera for a few species without reference to 

 the whole.* 



A. Outer miiniins of postrrior irinris civulatdji and promincntbi iirmliici'il nt ripicm of first ami third 

 median nerculcs. 



1. Charaxes echo. (Fig. 38.) 



Vharaxe^ Echo, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. scr. 3, 



vol. XX. p. 400, t. 8, figs. 5, 6 (18G7); Druce, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 34G, No. 1. 

 yi/inphalis fahius, var. C, Kirby, Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 2G9 



(1871). 



As this species is only known to me by an 

 uncoloured tigure, which is here reproduced, it is 

 better to give the original Latin diagnosis of its 

 describer :— 



Fig. :3n. 



" AlfB supra nigro-fuscfe, ad basiu paulum viridescentes : anticae serie macularum septem decre- 

 scentium fulvarum discaH ; maculis duabus pone cellam oblique positis punctisque tribus marginalibus 

 analibus fulvis : posticse fascia tenui media, punctis septem ovalibus submarginalibus undecimque 

 angularibus marginalibus fulvis ; margine interno fusco-grisescente : corpus thorace uigro-fusco, abdomine 

 fusco : antennis nigris. 



"Alse subtus roseo-albicautes, extus paulum fuscescentes : antics lineis tribus discoideis duabusque 

 infra cellam nigris; maculis discalibus velut supra, intus autem nigro limitatis; macula superna jjoue cellam 

 extensa faseiolam formante ; maculis submarginalibus serie positis (apud angulum ani solum distinctis), 

 omnibus iiavis ; maculis duabus tribusve, cum iis subanalibus junctis, ovalibus, nigris, auali geminata : 

 posticse areola basali et fascia media albidis nigro limitatis, bac quoque argeuteo intus marginata ; maculis 

 septem lunulatis ferrugineis, tribus iuferioribus majoribus magis rufesceutibus, omnibus intus cyaueo-albo 

 cinctis et nigro limitatis ; linea subanali nigra ; maculis septem marginalibus cferuleis nigro liueatis 

 extus fulvo et intus albo limitatis : corpus ochraceum, thoracis medio palpisque albicantibus ; antennis 

 nigris. 



"Exp. alar. unc. 2|i." 



Hab. — Malay Peninsula; Singapore (coll. Pvoberts).— Borneo (Druce). 



* The artificialitj' of many genera has been well pointed out by Weismaun. who also observes, " If we see two 

 species of butterflies quite dissimilar in form of wing and other characters, we should be inclined, in spite of many points 

 of agi-eeiuent between them, to place them in entirely different genera. But should we then find that not only did then- 

 adult larva; agree in every detail of marking, but also that the entire phyletie development of these markings, as revealed 

 by the ontogeny of the larVie, had taken precisely the same course in both species, we should certainly conclude^ that they 

 possessed a near blood-relationship, and should place them close together in the same genus" i' Stud, in Theory of Descent,' 

 EngL Transl., p. 170). 



Erroneous views have obtained in Anthropology as to the stage of culture denoted by a recognition of a "genus" of 

 natm-al objects. Thus Dr. Peschel ('The Races of Man,' p. 6) writes, "In nations which have remained at a low stage 

 of civilization, we find names for different species of oaks, but none for the genus oak." This has been refuted by Dr. Hector 

 (Brit. Ass., Bristol, 187.5), who testiiied that the Maories have not only distinct names for nearly all their plants, but 

 generic names by which they grouped plants according to their af&nities, in a way impossible to most people who were 

 not educated botanists. 



