RHOPA IJH 'KIIA MA LA YA NA . 115 



Anterior wings triangular ; costal margin arrlicd and moro or less convex ; apex more or less 

 prominent, rounded, or subacute ; outer margin somewhat concave beneath apex, and uneven or slightly 

 waved; inner margin nearly straight. First and second subcostal ncrvules emitted before the end of cell, 

 the first some distance from and the second near end of cell ; third commencing either at about one-fourth 

 or midway from end of cell, and extending to apex ; fourth and fifth bifurcating at about thr(>e-fourths 

 from end of cell, and terminating beneath the apex ; upper disco-cellular short and angled ; middle disco- 

 cellular acutely recurved ; lower disco-cellular nervule generally olisolete, leaving the apex of the cell open, 

 or when present slender, oblique and slightly concave ; median ncrvure robust ; first median nervule 

 strongly curved at base, where it has an apparently common origin with the second at apex of cell. 

 Posterior wings subovate : costal margin ol)li(pio and slightly convex ; outer margin rounded, convex, 

 and slightly waved fin the males of some species the anal angle is slightly acuminate or pointed). Costal 

 nervure curved and extending to apex ; precostal nervure strongly curved outwardh' ; first subcostal 

 nervule emitted near base of subcostal nervure, the second some distance beyond. Cell with the apex 

 always practically open, in some species having the appearance of being closed by a slender and indistinct 

 lower disco-cellular nervule. Body short and robust. Palpi porrect, obtusely pointed at the apex. 

 Antennte long and nearly straight. 



Euthalla is a genus wbicli belongs to the true Oriental region. It extends northward to 

 China, but apparently not to the north-westward of India, for though found by Mr. Hocking at 

 Dharmsala, in the N.W. Himalaya,* it was not collected by Major Roberts at Candahar,f nor 

 by Major Swinhoe in Beloochistan ; I Dr. Stoliczka failed to meet with the genus in Yarkand, § 

 and it was absent from the collection made by Fedchenko in Turkestan. || It is, however, 

 in North-Eastern India that the genus reaches its maximum in the size and beauty of its 

 species, and this should therefore be considered its head-quarters. It is found in the Andaman 

 Islands, Ceylon, through Burma, Tenasserim, and the Malay Peninsula, and onwards in the 

 Malayan Archipelago, though according to present knowledge not to the eastward of Celebes 

 and the Philippine Islands. About seventy species are at present described. 



We are now acquainted with the larvte 

 of several species of this genus (one of which -JJId S^ ^; '"^'■'■' \^ 



is here figured), and which are as interesting and -■' ' ' "' w 



peculiar as those of any genus in the Ehopalocera. , __ ,' "~ l|^ 



We know, from the researches of the last few -">-^~ ^„^kT'j^J^~'''^^t^^,^^ "' 



years, — researches kindled and stimulated by - -^ 



the teachings and influence of the late Charles ' .. : 



Darwin, — that when we see an abnormally deve- • '■ i^ 'v\ >'V 



loped caterpillar, either in colour or structure, Fig- ■'!»•— Larva of EuthaUa garuda. From drawins by (ien. 



Hardwioke, in Horsf. & M»ore, Cat. Lep. Miis. K.I.C. 



we may almost certainly predicate that it therel)y 



enjoys an immunity or protection from the attacks of its natural enemies. IT We also know 



that similar protection is acquired by the resemblance " mimicry" which the subject possesses 



* Recorded by F. Mnore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 188'2. p. 239. 



+ See Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 403. ] Ibid. 1881, p. GO'i. 



§ ' Scientific Kesults Sec. Yarkand Miss.,' by F. Moore. Calcutta, 1879. 



II ' Mon. Lep. collect, by Fedchenko in Turkestan,' by N. G. Erscliofl'. St. Petersburg, 1874. 



*? See Ml-. Jenner ^Veir's experiments with birds, and Mr. Butler's with lizards (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1809, pp. 21 and 27). 

 The results are condensed and discussed by Mr. Darwin (' Descent of Man,' 2nd edit. p. 326), and by Mr. Wallace (' Natural 

 Selection,' p. 117 ft seq.) 



