186 RUOPALOCERA MALAY AN A. 



Uh!itluein,e* ox recumbent on a leaf or other object, and secured by the tail and a girdle across the 

 middle, as in the Subfam. Xcmeohiiiue. 



It is not, however, in the Eastern, but iu the Western Tropics that the Enjcimda reach 

 their maximum in number and beauty, and lilce the Morphhm may be said to bear witness iu 

 the Oriental region to an earlier Neotropical relationship, the truth of which will be probably 

 demonstrated by future pateontological discoveries. 



In the Neotropical region the Enjcinuhr exhibit, as truly remarked by Mr. Wallace, 

 "a variety and briUiancy of colouring unsurpassed in the whole order"; and the same author 

 and observer recorded that iu that region "the great mass of the species of this family have 

 a very peculiar habit of invariably settling and reposing on the under surface of leaves with 

 the wings expanded, but there are some very striking exceptions to the rule."t Mr. Bates 

 describes these exceptions when he records that in many genera, " on the contrary, the position 

 of the wings in repose is vertical ; and a few species settle on the upper surface of leaves 

 with the wings half elevated."]; It will therefore be most interesting to learn whether these 

 pecuUarities are observable in the Eastern representatives of the family. § 



Subfam. NEMEOBIINiE. 



Xoneohiina; Bates, Jouru. Liuu. Soc. Zool. vol. ix. p. 412 (18G7-1868); Marsh. & de Nic. Butt. India, 

 Bumi. & Ceyl. p. 18 (1882|. 



In this subfamily the palpi are very small and slender, a 

 character which will sufticiently separate the Nemeohiimc from 

 the Llhtithaiiue, which, as before remarked, is almost certainly 

 represented iu this fauna, though at present unrecorded. 



From the other divisions of the Erijcinidiv, the Neirieohiinm may 

 be separated by a feature iu the neuration of the anterior wings, in 

 which the subcostal nervure emits five nervules. |1 

 Although this subfamily contains all the old world species of Erijcinida', it also includes 

 a large number belonging to the Neotropical region. 



■■' No exaiinile of this subfamily, tu my knowledge, has yet been received from tlie JIalay Peninsula, though it almost 

 certainly must be there represented. 



■)• Trans. Eut. Soc. 1853, p. 2G2. 



I Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. ix. p. 309 (1868). This varialde method of bearing the wings in repose has induced 

 Mon. Constant Bar (Ann. Soc. Eut. ¥i: ser. 5, t. viii. p. 17 (1878) to place the Knjchiidic iu systematic juxtaposition with the 

 lienjieridcr, whose similar variability in the same function has already been alluded to ou the first page of this work. 



§ The gradual, though recent, growth of our knowledge in exotic Khopalocera is afforded by some statistics given by 

 Mr. Bates (.Journ. Linn. Soc, Zixd. vol. ix. p. 368), "In 1819, when Godart treated of the group, as one genus, in the 

 ' Kncyclopedio lli'lluidique,' only 131 species were described; and iu 1851 Prof. Westwood could muster ouly '247." At the 

 date of reading his jiaper (18t)7') Mr. Bates stated that the number of described species was not fewer than 630, of which 

 a large number were discovered by himself, whilst, at the end of 1877, or ten years subsequently, 1 have computed (by the aid 

 of Mr. Kirby's excellent Catalogue) that, excluding the Lihythicliuc, some OOO species were described. 



il Mr. Bates gives these nervules or "branches" as four, thus evidently, in agreement with some other entomologists, 

 preferring to consider what is here designated as the fifth nervule as being actually the termination of the subcostal 



