RHOPALOCEUA MALAY. WW. 303 



resitliug in Japan, has by careful breeding proved that T. Iwcahr and I', mandariuu are one - 

 species, or rather what Mr. Pryer calls "temperature forms" of one species, and he accounts 

 for the fact of breeding so many intermediate forms from one batch of eggs l)y the qnahfyiiig 

 conditions of " having reared these specimens in a cold room, without iinu'li direct sunliglit."* 

 Neotroi)ical species afford the same difiiculty, and that excellent naturalist, Mr. Bates, has 

 supplemented his account of those of the Amazon Valley by a " note" stating that "the species 

 of Terias are a most difficult study, and it is with some hesitation that I have described several 

 as new." He further remarks: — " Tlieir si)ecitic characters are not at all trenchant; the 

 pecuhar markings which may serve to distinguish well-characterised examples of a species are 

 subject to become obsolete in other examples ; the species, again, present many local varieties 

 in different parts of their area of distribution." \ I hdly entertain this view with regard to the 

 species or varieties found in the Malay Peninsula, and where I have been unable to find a 

 published name for any species have refrained from giving it a new one, prefering to have 

 that done by some local lepidopterist who could give certitude to his work by lireeding tlu; 

 different forms. 



The Piev. L. C. Biggs writes: — "These butterflies are often seen by dozens together iu 

 moist places on the road, or singly near the Malay villages, under the shade of cocoa-nut 

 trees, or crowding round the inky pools too often found in closest proximity to the Malays' 

 dwellings. They, with the smallest Liiarnuhf and the Skippers, are among the first to venture 

 out iu the morning after heavy dew, or at any time after a storm." I 



1. Terias tilaha. (Tab. XXV., fig. 8 <? .) 



7V/W.V Tiliilui, Horstield, Cat. Lep. E.I. 0. p. 13G, 11. 62 (1829); Boisd. Spec. Geu. i. p. 668, n. 26 (1830); 

 Voll. Mon. Pier. p. 65 (1865); Wall. Traus. Ent. Soc. ser. iii. vol. iv. p. 326, u. 27 (1867); Bull. 

 Pi-oc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 537, 11. 64. 



Male. Wings above bright sulphureous ; anterior wings with the costal margin narrowly, the apex 

 and outer margin broadly, and the inner margin also broadly, black (the apical and outer marginal black 

 area is inwardly oblique and dentately sinuate, occupying about half the distance between end of cell and 

 apex of wing, and terminating somewhat narrowly at the outer angle). Posterior wings with the outer margin 

 somewhat broadly black and inwardly obscurely sinuate. Wings beneath less brilliant sulphureous than 

 above ; anterior wings with a curved black line near base of cell, two connected disco-cellular black lines at 

 end of cell, and a fainter curved narrow blackish fascia near apex ; posterior wings with one or two small 

 blackish spots near base, two connected disco-cellular blackish lines at end of cell, a submargiual series of 

 small blackish spots, preceded on the costa by a larger and darker one, and a series of small but dark 

 marginal spots placed between the nervules. Body above black, beneath with legs sulphureous, tarsi 

 infuscated. 



Exp. wings, <? , 43 to 4G millim. 



Hab.— Malay Peninsula ; Province Wellesley (coll. Dist.) ; Perak (I^imstler— Calc. Mus.).— Java 

 iHorsf.). — 13orneo (Yolk); Sandakau (Pryer— coll. Dist.). 



I have not received the female of this species, which is probably paler in hue than the 

 male, and with the blackish margins broader. 



'■■ Trans. Eut. Soc. 1882, pp. 488 - U. In reooi-dins the fact of Mr. Fryer's breeding the m-iter does not accept ^l'-- l'l-y«';'« 

 im-ihei- proposition, that Austrahan, West African, and other described speciqs should also bo con.sidered as >aueties of 

 T. hecabe, or rather sliould, iu defiance of all canons of nomenclature, be called under a new name. 



i Journ. Kntomology, i. p. 245 (IbGlJ. [ Mouth. Packet, vol. ii. p. 187 (1881). 



