RHOPALOCKHA MALAYAXA. 389 



label attached : — " Ou Bamboo in compound of Malay house, at -LoO p.m., composing itself 

 for the night." 



MEMNOX Group. 



f. 3/t')»How-gi-oup, Wallace, Trans. Liun. Soc. vol. sxv. p. 23 (18G5). 



Sect. LXV., Sub-sect. C. Folder, Spec. Lepid. Pap. pp. 3G, 83, 84 (1861). 



Iliades, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 88 (1816); Moore, Lep. Ccyl. vol. i. p. 147 (1881). 



This is one of the most typical and interesting groups in the Malayan I'apilioiiiinr, and 

 is distributed from Continental India and the Malay Peninsula throughout the Malayan 

 Archipelago. It is in relation to species of this group that Mr. Wallace first formulated his 

 celebrated conclusions as to the dimorphism, trimorphism, and polymorphism in the character 

 of the female sex, conclusions that were subsequently accepted and corroborated by 

 Mr. Trimen, who made similar observations in South Africa, and since supplemented by 

 Mr. W. H. Edwards in North America, who has shown seasonal variation in species belonging 

 to that fauna. 



One dominant species of this group, P. lujenor, — and one found in this fauna, — has been 

 recorded by Mr. Wallace * as having two forms of the female ; but since then Mr. Butler has 

 treated one of these and two others as distinct species, considering he can separate the males, 

 and that it is only the non-appreciation of the lesser differences observable in the male sex 

 that has induced observers to consider them as one species. 



The difficulty of deciding which of these views to accept (in the absence of exact breeding 

 experiments) has been much enhanced to the writer by having to deal with six distinct female 

 forms, if the view of one species only be adopted, whilst, on the other hand, a number of males 

 have been submitted to Mr. Butler, who has discriminated three species, according to his 

 view, and another since received varies sufficiently on these lines to be estimated as a fourtli. 

 This gives four males only to six females, and therefore, awaiting the decision of the breeder, 

 I have adopted a tentative course here, treating the different forms as subspecies or distinctly 

 recognised varieties, f and it is to be hoped that Mi-. Biggs or Mr. Durnford will soon settle 

 the question. 



7. Papilio agenor. (Tab. XXIX., tig. 1 2 .) 



Papilio A>jenor, LiuniEus, Mus. Ubr. p. 194 (1764) ; Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 747, n. 14 (1767); Clercl;, Icoues, 



t. 15 (1764) ; Cram. Pap. Ex. i. t. 32, A, B (1775) ; Godt. Enc. Metb. is. p. 28, n. 9 (1819) ; AuriviJl. 



(part), KoDgl. sv. vet. Akad. Haiidl. Band 19, uo. 5, p. 18 (1882). ^ 



Paidllo Awh-o;,eus, Wall, (part). Trans. Liuu. Soc. vol. xsv. p. 47, n. 44 (1865); Obertb. (part), Etudes d'Eut. 



Quatr. Livr. p. 34, n.ll (1879). 

 Papilio Mcmn.m, Gray (part), Cat. Lepid. Papil. p. 13, u. 47 (1852) ; Horsf. & Moore (part), Cat. Lep. Mus. 



E. I. C. vol. i. p. 99, n. 202 (1857) ; Beak, (part), Proc. Ent. Soc. Pbil. iii. p. 449 (1864). 



Female. Anterior wings above pale fuscous, witli dark longitudinal fuscous streaks iu cell ami 

 between the nervules ; about half of inner marginal area, and about half of outer marginal area 



=•= Under the name of P. androgens, Trans. Liun. Soc. vol. xxv. p. 47, n. 44 (18G5). 



+ Painlio cenea. an African butterfly, has been shown by the breeding experiments of Mr. ^^''"^fj^}^''=^'^' '" ''";^^,^^^^^ 

 distmct forms, one male and three female, and Mr. Trmien, iu commeutmg on this observation, remarks that tlie umIcs 

 present the customary amount of variation" (Trans. Ent. 8oc. Loud. 1874, pp. lai it HI et aeq. 



