342 RHOPALOCERA MALAYANA. 



Male. Resembling P. cspcri, but the under surface of the posterior wings having a more or less 

 distinct double row of marginal spots, the innermost being bounded by bluish lunules. 



Female. Resembling P. espcri, but the anterior wings having the white subapical fascia absent and 

 transferred to the inner marginal area; posterior wings having the reddish anal-angular patch larger than 

 in P. esperi, and containing a dark spot. Wings beneath as in P. espcri, but with the corresponding 

 differences as above. 



Exp. wings, S , 130 to 140 millim. ; 2 , 142 millim. 



H.iB.— Malay Peninsula ; Quedah (coll. Dist.) ; Province Wellesley (coll. Saiier) ; Malacca (Piuwill— 

 Brit. Mus. ; Biggs— coll. Dist.) ; Singapore (coll. Godfery). 



These last five species ? or varieties ? liere described aud figured exhibit iu a marked 

 degree the gradual transference of the male characteristics to the female sex. P. cujemr, ? , 

 aud P. phce.nix, 2 , show the strongest sexual divergence, whilst P. cUix, 2 , P. espcri, 2 , and 

 P. mestor, 2 , more closely,— and in the order named,— approach the hue and markings of the 

 male. 



7 e. Papilio achates. (Tab. XXVIII., figs. 3 & 4 <? ,* 5 2 .) 



Papilio Achate,, Cramer, Pap. Ex. ii. t. 182, A, B (1779) ; Godt. Enc. Meth. is. p. 64, n. 107 (1819); Butl. 



Trans. Limi. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. vol. i. p. 553, n. 19 (1877). 

 Papilio Memnon, var. Achates, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 109. 

 Papilio Awlrogeos, De Nic. J.A. S. Bang. vol. l. p. 53, u. 62 (1881), 



Male. Differing principally from the same sex of the preceding species? or forms described by 

 having the red anal-angular patch on the under surface of the posterior wings much more restricted. 



Female. Anterior wings above resembling those of P. phanix, 2 , but somewhat paler ; posterior 

 wings caudately produced, creamy white, the neuration (broadly), a basal patch occupying nearly half of 

 cell, a broad submarginal fascia,— widest and terminating at the median nervules,— anal angle and a 

 spot above it on abdominal margin, and the caudate appendages, black ; a patch on abdominal margin 

 (containing the black spot), two marginal lunulate spots divided by the median nervules, and sometimes 

 more obscure marginal lunulate spots extending to apex, reddish ; fringe of both wings greyish. Wings 

 beneath as above, the posterior wings with red basal spots. Pronotum and head black ; abdomen above 

 yellowish -grey, with a dorsal blackish fascia ; body beneath and legs fuscous or black. 



Exp. wings, S , 130 millim. ; 2 , 145 to 154 millim. 



Had.— Continental India ; Sikkim (de Nice ville).— Malay Peninsula; Quedah (coll. Dist.) ; Penang 

 (Biggs -coll. Dist.) ; Province Wellesley (coll. Saiier) ; Malacca (Pinwill— Brit. Mus.).— Siam; Chentaboon 

 (Druce). 



The question whether this is merely another female form of P. agenor requires solution. 

 Evidence in favour of its being so is found in the statement of Wallace, f that in a closely 

 allied species, P. memnon, I "the males, the tailed and tailless females, have all been bred from 

 a single group of the larvae by Messrs. Payen aud Bocarme iu Java." 



■■' As proposed by Mr. Butler. The under surface of the posterior wiugs ouly given. 



f Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. sxv. p. 6 (1865). 



I P. memnon is closely allied to P. agenor, and represents the insular species, whilst P. agenor is the continental form. 



