nUOl'A LOCKRA MALA YANA. 



311) 



evidencp is conviucing, if not decisive.* The rationale of this female polymoriiliism has Ijci'ii 

 sought iu the doctrine of "mimicry," the second form of the female more or less rescmbliu'r 

 I'apilw aristolochice, which, as already pointed out {anlca, p. 838), possesses an odour wliioli is 

 probably distasteful, and hence protective from tliat l)uttorfly's enemies, by aflbrding an 

 immunity from attack. The female form III. (not at present known from tlic Peninsula) iiiDro 

 or less resembles Papilio hector, Linn., which is also absent from our fauna, and therefore we 

 can scarcely expect to find the imitator in the al)sence of the imitated. Mr. Meldola has 

 offered a suggestion on the subject in the proposition " that the di- and triraorphism displayed 

 by certain butterflies has originated through polymorphism from ordinary variability." It 

 being only necessary "for the immediate female forms to become extinct" in order to have 

 true cases of the phenomena.! That the variation is somewhat of a seasonal nature is 

 indicated by the statement of the Rev. J. H. Hocking that in the N.W. Himalaya, — where the 

 larva was found on lemon-tree " June 19," — " The perfect insects (male and female of jiammiiu 

 form) fly from March to December, at an elevation of 6000 feet. The polijtea form ? , is more 

 restricted to the hot valleys, not appearing before June, and very rarely found al)ove 

 4000 feet." I 



The larva and pupa of this species (under the names of V. pohjtes and /'. i<ammou) have 

 been figured by Horsfleld and Moore, § and reproduced here {antea, p. 321), and the larva is 

 stated to feed iu Java "on a species of Citrus bearing the native name oiJurnk." ]\Ir. de 

 Niceville describes the " common lime" as " one of the common food-plants of this species." 



P. pohjtes is an abundant species wherever it is localised. Mr. Collingwood, when iu 

 Borneo, found it "floated over every hedgerow," || and scarcely a collection arrives from the 

 East that does not contain its familiar presence. 



DEMOLION Group. 



k. Demolio7i-gron]), Wallace, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxv. p. 51) (18G5). 

 Sect. LIX., Subsect. B., Felder, Spec. Lepid. Piip. pp. 30. 78 (IbGJ). 



This is a small group of Papilios inhabiting many of the islands of the .Malayan 

 Archipelago, and might be considered altogether insular but for the one species here 

 enumerated, which is found on the continent. 



13. Papilio demolion. (Tab. XXVII. h, fig. 3 J .) 



/',(/-(■//„ Ih-mnlinn. Cramer, Pap. Ex. i. t. 89, A, B (1779); Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Lap. Mus. E.I. C. vol. i. 



p. 105, u. 210 (1857) : Wall. Traus. Liiiu. Soc. vol. xxv. p. 59, u. 79 (1805) ; Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



1873, p. 357, n. 9 ; ibid. 1874, p. 108, n.3; Butl. Traus. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. vol. i. p. 552, u.9 (1877); 



Kheil, Eliop. der Insel. Nias. p. 37, n. 139 (1881). 

 Fajdii,, Cresp/wntes, Fabr. (nee Cram.), Spec. Ins. ii. p. 19, u. 77 (1871); Godt. Enc. Metli. ix. p. CI. n. 98 



(1819) ; Luc. Lep. Ex. t. 15, f. 1 (1835) ; P.oisd. Sp. Gen. i. p. 220, u. 38 (1836). 



■■■■ An interesting account of these experiments is contained in ' The Asian Sporting Newspaper,' \ol. iv. p. 175 (1880). 

 t Weismann's ' Studies iu the Theory of Descent,' Eng. Transl. p. 250, note. 



I Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 25i). 



5 Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. t. 3, figs. 3, a; 4, a. The larv* of the two forms are also, according to H.,i-s(icld, seasonal m 

 their appearance, as that of the form P.jjolytes is stated to feed in Java from January to May, and that ut the torm 1 .jxinimn,, 

 from November to April (Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. vol. i. p. 105). 



II 'Entomologist,' vol. iv. p. 15 (1868). 



Sept. 25, 1885. ^ '' 



