miOPALOCKRA MALAVAXA. 357 



beneath cell are very much abbreviated and lanceolate in shai)e ; in the posterior wings the streak wiiich 

 nearly crosses cell in male, completely crosses it and is continued beneath to the lower mediiui ncrvule. 

 Wings beneath as above, but paler. 



Exp. wings, (? , 88 millim. ; ? , 98 millim. 



Hab.— Malay Peninsula ; Selangor : Kwala Lumpor (Biggs— coll. Dist.) ; Malacca (coll. Oburth.).— 

 Sumatra (coll. Oberth.). 



The resemblance of this species — especially in the male— to a Danaid is one of those facts 

 which support the true theory of "mimicry," and the protection thus acquired by so closely 

 simulating a protected or distasteful Daiinid is self-evident.* 



ANTIJ'HATKS Group. 



p. AntipliKtes-groix]^, Wallace, Trjins. Linn. See. vol. xxv. p. 03 (1865). 



Sect. XXI., Sub-sect. C. Felder, Spec. Lepid. Pap. pp. 14, 58 (18C4). 



Pathijsa, Reak. Proc. Ent. Sec. Phil. iii. pp. 503-4 (18G4); Moore, Lep. Ceyl. vol. i. p. 141 1IH8I1. 



In this group the posterior wings possess the maximum of caudate prolongation, and 

 really merit the popular name of " swallow-tails." Their area of distribution comprises 

 Continental India, the adjacent islands, the Malay Peninsula, the Malayan Archipelago, 

 portions of Australia, and extends as far north as China. 



One species is at present only known in this fauna. 



21. Papilio antiphates, nir. pompilius. (Tab. XXXI., fig. 5 3.) 



Papilio Antiphates, Cramer, Pap. Ex. i. t. 72, A, I! (1779) ; Boisd. Spec. Gen. i. p. 248, n. 72 (1830 1 ; CIray, 

 Cat. Lep. Papil. p. 31, 11. 147 (1852); Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I. C. vol. i. p. 110, 11. 232 

 (1857) ; Voll. Tijd. Eut. iii. p. 77, n. 57 (1800) ; Wall. Trans. Linn. See. vol. xxv. p. 63, u. 99 |1805| ; 

 Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 757 ; ibid. 1877, p. 593 ; ibid. 1878, p. 841 ; Druce, Proc. Zool. Sec. 

 1873, p. 357, n. 20 ; Suell. Tijd. Eut. xix. p. 155. n. 08 (1870) ; Lep. v. Midd. Sum. p. 25, n. 2 (1880) ; 

 Butl. Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. vol. i. p. 552, n. 1 (1877) ; Godra. & Salv. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, 

 p. 641, n. 27; Oberth. Etudes d'Ent. Quatr. Livr. p. 03, u. 150 (1879). 



Papilio Alcibiades, Pabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 8, n. 05 (1787). 



Pai.ilio Antiphates, var. Alcihiad.s, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Lep. p. 240 (1869). 



* It may be not altogether supererogatorv to give a few facts relative to the insect depredations of birds, and lionce 

 the need of some form of protection on the part of edible insects. This can be evidenced by observations made m tins countrv 

 alone, and we will take the Rev. F. O. Morris as witness. He states "that not only such bn-ds as sea plls but that all the 

 owls, even up to the eagle owl, feed on insects when thev come in their way, and not only the owls, but all the six British 

 species of true falcons,— .... ,— as also most, if not all, of the hawks, and some, if not all, even ot the eagles the spottoil 

 eagle for instance? Few persons are aware of the innumerable number of insects thus destroyed by birds. Uic loUowing 

 observations, and several of them are much below the mark, will show this : — . 1 ■ • 



" The blue titmouse has been watched, and found to feed its young fi-om o.30 a.m. to 8.30 p.m. 47o times, liringin^' one 

 large or two or tliree small insects each time. 



"The thrush, from 1.15 a.m. to O.l.'j p.m., 200 times. 



" The blackbird, fi-om 3.15 a.m. to 8.40 p.m., 113 times. . 



" The miseltoe thrush, fi-om 4.-2n a.m., to 8 p.m., GC times, each time bringing several large worms or insects. 



"The sparrow, fi-om two or three to six or eight hisects at once, and as this goes on for all the day, and tUej irequenio 

 have two or three broods in the year, they must destroy an immense number. , . , , ■ ■ 4 ■*„ i,:ii ;„ „ „,;nii»o 



"I watched the other day a wagtail catching insects to feed its young, and it took eight or nine mto its bdl in a minute 

 or two, and had not I<-ft off when I turned away."-' Letters to " The Tniu-K" about Birds, d-c., p. 4U._ 



The quantity of insects in the tropics is something enormous, and rcpiires " checks. In Mexico, ^^'^•|;; «;/>'';' ;'", 

 related that in order to supplv an armadillo with food an ol.l Indian " walked out mto the helds ^^.''l' "^"^ ",''?'. "V"^^ 

 returned with it full of insects in about half-an-hom-. We reckoned that there were over fatty species in the pot ( -ViiaUnac, 

 p. 319). 



OCTOEEK 15, 1885. 



