430 RHOPALOCERA MALAY AN A. 



Mr. Moore's typical species is fouuded on Sumatran specimeus, and from these the Malay 

 form only difi'ers hy the narrower ochraceous snbapical fascia to the anterior wings. Too much 

 reliance must not be placed on the general hue and markings of the under surface of the wings, 

 as tliis is an exceedingly variable character, and is in strong contrast in my two specimens from 

 Sungei Ujong. These two specimens were obtained for me through the kind instrumentality of 

 Capt. Godfery, and I was also favoured by coloured drawings made by a lady named Wray of a 

 specimen found in the "inland district of Perak." 



Genus VANESSA {to follow Doleschallia). 



Vanessa, Fabvicins, 111. Mag. vi. p. 281 (1807); Latr. Enc. Metli. ix. p. 10 (1819); Moore, Lep. Ceyl. vol. i. 



p. 48 (1881). 

 Pohjcjonia, Eugonia, et Inachis, Hiibu. Verz. bck. Scbmett. pp. 3G, 37 (1816). 

 Grapta, Kirb. Fauna Bor. Amer. iv. p. 292 (1837). 

 Grapta et Vanessa, Doubl. Geu. Diurn. Lep. pp. 195, 198 (1848). 



Anterior wings subtriaugnlar, the costal margin arched and convex, the apex falcate and truncate, the 

 outer margin deeply concave beneath apex, inner margin concavely sinuate near outer angle. Costal 

 nervure extending beyond middle of costal margin, first subcostal nervule emitted at about one-fifth before 

 end of cell, second close to end of cell, third at about one-third beyond cell, fourth and fifth bifurcating 

 about midway between base of third and outer margin ; upper disco-cellular nervule short, lower long, 

 slender and obliquely directed outwardly, median nervules well separated, bases of second and third further 

 apart than those of first and second. Posterior wings irregularly subovate, the apex concave, the outer 

 margin waved and caudately angulated at apex of upper median nervule. Costal nervure extending to apex, 

 first subcostal nervule emitted opposite to the base of the lower median nervule, first and second median 

 nervules with an apparently common origin at end of cell. Body robust ; palpi porrect, pilose and well 

 produced upwardly and forwardly in front of head ; antenna; long with a well-formed and rounded apical club. 



Vanessa is a genus of very wide distribution. The Palearctic region appears to be its 

 head-quarters, but the Himalayas have not prevented it reaching India, Ceylon, and the Malay 

 Peninsula. It is also found in the Nearctic and in some portion of the Neotropical regions. 



1. Vanessa perakana, ». sp. (Tab. XL., fig. 1.) 



Wiugs above very dark fuscous ; anterior wings with a small greyish-white subapical spot, an oblique 

 bluish spot beyond end of cell, and a submarginal bluish macular fascia commencing beneath the 

 lower discoidal nervule where it is narrowest, and terminating on inner margin where it is broadest ; this 

 fascia is more or less concavely sinuate outwardly and convexly sinuate inwardly; posterior wiugs with a 

 broad bluish submarginal fascia, which is narrowest at costal margin, and is outwardly margined with some 

 dark bluish linear markings, and with two somewhat obscure narrow bluish marginal fascis. Wings 

 beneath dark violaceous with the basal and marginal areas thickly studded and densely covered with 

 l)lackish strigs, a distinct dark, much-waved and angulated fascia crossing both wings beyond cells; 

 a small ochraceous spot at apices of both cells ; the basal, apical and outer marginal areas of anterior 

 wings and the basal and outer marginal areas of posterior wings more or less shaded with warm ochraceous. 

 Body and legs more or less concoloroiis with wings. 



Exp. wings, 66 millim. 



Hab. — Malay Peninsula; Perak (Kiinst. — Calc. Mus.). 



V. perakana belongs to a small group of species with bluish margins, such as the Indian 

 V. charonia, the Ceylonese V. haivniea, and the Japanese V. (jlaiieouia. It is allied to the first of 



