ORAL ARGUMENT OF HON. EDWARD J. PHELPS. 159 



divisions, not a map that gives tlie land nor a map that gives the water 

 exclusively, but a map that is large enough and intended to give the 

 whole. There are five of them and everyone of them called Behriug 

 Sea " the Sea of Kamsehatka." 



Then there is another division that you may call maps, in atlases con- 

 taining quite a number of maps in the same j)ublication, and 20 of those 

 are what I call general maps, and 15 of those are land divisions. Of 

 those -0, 10 give a separate designation to Behring Sea. It is called 

 theseaof Kamschatka iu 16 out of the 20 English maps; and the other 

 4 which do not give it a separate name are a map of the world in Ostell's 

 atlas, in 1810, a map of the world in Goldsmith's Atlas in 1813, a Mer- 

 cator's map of the world in Goldsmith's Atlas, and a map of the globe 

 in Bradley's Atlas in 1813. None of those are of special authority. 

 They are, I should infer, school-book atlases. They are not official. 

 They are not from any author celebrated as a geographer, and they are 

 all, you see maps of the world. When you are restricted to the size of 

 a quarto sheet, which atlases usually are, and undertake to give a map 

 of the whole world, you have not room for the separate designations on 

 land or water such as are always given when you give a map of a part 

 of the world, having room to explain the divisions. Take the United 

 States for instance; iu a map of the world you find the United States 

 laid out on it, but you do not find any division of states. 



There are some German maps cited, that may be worth a moment's 

 consideration. Germany was not a country concerned in the negotia- 

 tions, or a country then, as far as I am aware, particularly celebrated 

 for its geographical knowledge. At the same time, as they are cited 

 they should be attended to. There are 16 German maps iu this case on 

 one side and the other; three of them are translations of maps that I 

 have dealt with before. Another is a reproduction of one of Lapie's. 

 Of course that adds nothing; but there are 12 that are original in 

 Germany by different cartographers, among them several geograi)hers 

 of respectability and reputation. In all these except two, the Sea of 

 Kamschatka has a sei)arate name, so that out of 12, 10 German maps 

 give a different desigiuition. The two exceptions are in an atlas — both 

 in the same — published in Weimar in 1816, which is probably a compi- 

 lation, because in the same atlas another ma<p gives this sea the name 

 of Behring Sea. 



I should have spoken in connection with the English maps before 

 leaving that subject, of the Arrowsmith maps, which are the leading 

 and best British maps of that iieriod, and of which you have several, 

 and they are worthy of a brief separate reference. Of these Arrow- 

 smith maps the first one is dated in 1790, ten years earlier than the 

 period to which I have thus far limited myself It is called 



Chart of the world exhibiting all the new discoveries to the present time with the 

 tracts of the most distinguished navigatoi's from the year 1700 chiefly collected from 

 the best charts maps voyages etc., extant, by A Arrowsmith, Geograjiher, as the "Act 

 directs. London 1790". 



In that Chart Behring Sea is termed the sea of Kamtchaska. 



Sir Charles Eussell. — What is the reference to that '? 



Mr. Phelps. — This is in Mr. Blaine's list in the Appendix to the 

 United States Case, Volume I, page 288. 



Senator Morgan. — What is meant by "as the Act directs"? 



Mr. Phelps. — I su])pose it refers to some Act of Parliament. 



Lord Hannen. — I think you will find that refers to its being regis- 

 tered at Stationers Hall, or something of that sort. 



