104 Evolution and Distribution of Fishes 



so these have been named by them "Ludlow" and "Down- 

 tonian" beds or by Goodchild (^0:599) the Lanarkian. 



In addition to a varied assemblage of eurypterid and 

 fish forms, phyllopods belonging to the genus Ceratiocaris 

 are abundant, and as decidedly indicating nearby land life 

 a fossil scorpion, Palaeophoniis, and carbonized remains of 

 what seem to be lycopodineous plants are met with. It 

 is from the strata of these areas also that Traquair secured 

 the rich material on which his fish genera Lanarkia, Atele- 

 aspis etc. are founded. 



In more recent years Campbell has published an im- 

 portant paper (7^^:923) on an extensive series of Down- 

 tonian rocks in South-eastern Kincardineshire, Scotland. 

 These he catalogues as follows : 



Feet 



7. Tuffs and tuffaceous sandstones 800 



6. Grey sandstone and fossiliferous sand\' shales and mud- 

 stones ( with fish band ) 600 



5. Red sandstones 60 



4. Volcanic conglomerates and tuffs 40 



3. Grey and brown sandstones with thin red mudstones. . . . 1000 



2. Purple sandstones 60 



1. Basement breccias with intercalated sandy mudstones.... 200 



Regarding the above he states that No. 6 "alike in its 

 lithological characters and in its fossil contents, shows the 

 Silurian rather than the Old Red Sandstone affinity of its 

 succession." In these beds he "found not only Dictyocans, 

 but also Eurypterus sp. and fragmentary plant remains." 

 Of fish remains found by him there Traquair identified 

 ( I ) Cephalaspidlan scutes belonging to a species as yet 

 unnamed and undescribed; (2) fragments of the median 

 plates of a beautiful new Cyathaspis named by Traquair 

 C. CampbelU. He has also found with these Ceratiocaris, 

 Archidesmus sp., and a new genus of Myriapod, — a prob- 

 able larval form of insect, a new species of Eurypterus, and 

 fragments of a scorpion. 



In reviewing all of these therefore he concludes 

 (p. 934) : "In Kincardineshire no evidence has been ob- 

 tained so far which would point to marine sedimentation. 

 No undoubtedly marine organism has been found, and the 

 association of the eurypterids with plant remains, scorpion 

 fragments, galley worms, and a larval form of insect, ap- 



