22 



MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN 



Fig. 2. It opens into the duodenum about an inch 

 below the pylorus. The duct leading directly from 

 the gall-bladder is known as the cystic duct. In the 

 dog it is very short. 



L. CENTRAL, 



L. LATERAL 



L. LATERAL 



SPIGELIAN, 



CAUDATE 

 AND R LATERAL^ 



Fig. 2. Diagram of the Bile-duct and its Branches. 



C. THE URINARY SYSTEM. 



Remove the liver, splee7i, and intestines from the 

 abdomen, taking care not to disturb the reprodtictive 

 or the urinary organs. In removing the liver it 

 will prove most convenient to double-ligatnre the large 

 inferior cava above and below the liver, a7id cut be- 

 tween the ligatures. In removing the intestines double- 

 ligatui'e the rectum as near the anus as possible, and 

 cnt between the ligatures. 



I. The Kidneys are a pair of dark-red oval 

 bodies lying against the dorsal wall of the abdomen, 

 outside of the peritoneum. Each is usually im- 

 bedded in fat. If this is carefully removed, the hilus 

 will be exposed as a notch on the inner border where 

 the blood-vessels and ureter enter the kidney. 



