2. LIPARIS. 159 



One dorsal fin, with the rays feeble, flexible, the anterior ones being 

 un articulated. Ventral fins composed of one spine and five rays, all 

 united into a more or less circular disk. 'A. villiform band of teeth 

 in the jaws, palate smooth. Three gills and a half ; pseudobranchige 

 none or rudimentary ; branchiostegals six (five). Gill-opening nar- 

 row, the giU-membranes being united below the throat and firmly 

 attached to the isthmus. Skeleton rather firm. Number of the 

 pyloric appendages increased. 



Northern seas of both hemispheres ; extending southwards to the 

 coasts of Belgium, England, and California. 



1. Liparis vulgaris. 



Sea SnaU, Willughby ; Petiver, Gazoph. tab. 51. fig. 5. 



Liparis nostras, Willughby, App. p. 17. tab. H. 6. fig. 1 ; Ray, p. 74. 



Cyclopterus liparis, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 414; ? Bl. taf. 123. figs. 3, 4; 



Lacep. ii. p. 69. 

 Gobio, sp., Kolreuter, Nov. Comm. Petrop. ix. p. 439. tab. 9.fig,^. 5 & 6. 

 Cyclogaster, sp., Gronov. Zoophyl. n. 198; Act.Helvet.iv.T^. 2(35. n. 165. 



tab. 13. 

 Gobioides smymensis, Lacep. ii. p. 579. 

 Liparis, sp., £1. Schn. p. 569. 

 Unctuous Lump-sucker, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 135. pi. 21. figs. 2, 4 ; 



Donor', Brit. Fishes, ii. pi. 47. 

 Liparis vulgaris, Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 190 ; Yarr. Brit. Fishes, 2nd 



edit. ii. p. 371, 3rd edit. ii. p. 349; Parn. Wern. Metn. vii. p. 383, 



and Fishes Frith of Forth, p. 223. 

 barbatus, Ekstr. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1832, p. 168. tab. 5, and 



Fische Scheer. 3Idrkd, p. 112. tab. 5; Niks. Skand. Faun. Fisk. p. 237. 

 Cyclogaster liparis, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 40. 



■^Variety. 



Cyclopterus lineatu^*, Lepechin in Nov. Comm. Petrop. xviii. p. 522. 



tab. 5. figs. 2, 3 ; Bl. Schn. p. 198. 



musculus, Lacep. iv. p. 683. 



Liparis lineatus, Kroyer, Naturh. Tidskr. ii. 1847, p. 284 ; Gaim. Voy. 



Scand. Poiss. pi. 13. tig. 2. 



B. 6. D. 35-36. A. 27-28. C. 10. Cac. pyl. 16. Vert. 12/30. 



Vertical fins contiguous ; the anal commences in the vertical from 

 the seventh dorsal ray ; pectoral margin with a notch, the lower 

 rays being produced ; ventral disk rather longer than broad, half as 

 long as the head. 



a. Adult. 



b. Adult : skin. 



This species is not rare on the coasts of Northern Europe ; it 

 would appear, from the accounts of Kolreuter, that it occurs also in 

 the Me(Hterranean (Smyrna). This, however, is very doubtful, none 

 of the later authors having confirmed this observation. It extends 

 very far northwards, to 70° N. lat., to Spitzbergen and the shores of 

 the White Sea. 



The body is thick and subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed pos- 



