29. zoABCEs. 295 



29. ZOARCES*. 

 Zoarces, Cuv. Regiie Atiim. ; Cub. <^ Val. xi. p. 450. 



i3ody elongate, with the scales rudimentary ; snout of moderate 

 extent ; conical teeth in the jaws, palate smooth. Dorsal fin long, 

 with a depression on the tail, which is formed by a series of spines 

 much shorter than the rays ; no other spines, cither in the dorsal 

 or in any of the other fins ; dorsal and anal fijis running round the 

 extremity of the tail, without a distinct caudal fin. Ventrals short, 

 formed by three or four rays. GiU-openings wide ; pseudobranchiae 

 present ; branchiostegals six ; air-bladder and pyloric appendages 

 absent. 



Temperate seas of Northern Europe and America. The Eiiropean 

 species viviparous. 



1. Zoarces vivipams. 



Mustela vivipara et marina, Schonev. pp. 49, 60. tab. 4. fig. 2 ; Jonston, 



tab. 46. fig. 8 ; Willughbij, p. 122. tab, II. 3. fig. 5 ; Ray, p. 69. 

 Lumpen, Willughby, p. 120. tab. II. 1. 



Gufler, Ealpout, Sibhald, Scot. Tllustr. ill. p. 25. pi. 19. fig. 3. 

 Blennius, sp, 7, Artedi, Synon. p. 45. 

 Blennius viviparus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 443, and Mus. Ad. Fried, p. 69. 



pi. 32 ; Kon. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1748, p. 37. t. 2, and Faun. Suec. 



p. 113 ; i?/. iii. 2. p. 262. tab. 72; Bl. Schn. p. 170; MiiU. Zool. Dan. 



11. p. 23. pi. 67 ; Walb. Art. Ren. iii. p. 185 ; Retz. Fau7i. Suec. p. 325 ; 



Sie7nsen, Fische Mecklenb. p. 26 ; Donov. Brit. Fishes, ii. pi. 34 : Tur- 



ton, Brit, Faun. p. 93; Low, Faun. Oread, p. 204; Shaw, Zool. iv. 



p. 182. 

 Enchelyopus, sp., Klein, Miss. iv. p. 57. n. 12. tab. 15. fig. 1 ; Gronov. 



Zoophyl. n. 265, and 3fus. Ichth. i. p. 65. 

 Viviparous Blenny, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 184. pi. 37, and edit. 1812, 



iii. p. 283. pi. 41. 

 Blennius ovoviviparus, Lacep. ii. p. 496. 

 GuneUus viviparus, Flem. Brit. An. p. 207. 

 Zoarces viviparus, Cuv. Regne Anini. ; Jenyns, Man. p. 384 ; Yarrell, 



Brit. Fishes, Ist edit. i. p. 243, 2ud edit. i. p. 273, 3rd edit. ii. 



p. 380; Nilss. Prodr. p. 105 ; Ctw. ^ Val. xi. p. 454; Parn. Wem. 



Mem. vii. p. 237. 

 Zoarcseus viviparus, Ekstrom, Fische Morko, ed. Creplin, p. 241 ; Fries 



och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 36. taf. 8. fig. 1 ; Miss. Skand. Faun. iv. 



p. 203. 

 Enchelyopus viviparus, Gronov, Syst, ed. Gray, p. 100. 



B. 6. D. 78 I 10 I 20-21. A. 84-85. V. 3. 



The height of the body is about one -ninth of the total length. 



* 1. Enchelyopus, sp., Chonov. Zooph. n. 266. p. 77. — Blennius americanus, Bl. 

 Schn. p. 171. — Zoarces gronovii, Cuv. ^ Val. xi. p. 469. — Enchelyopus 

 americanus, Gronov. St/st. ed. Gray, p. 101. — Coast of America. — This 

 fish belongs probably to another genus. 

 2. Blennius polaris, Sabine, Suppl, to Parry's First Voy, p. 222 ; Ross, App. 

 to Parry's Polar Voy. p. 2(X), and App. to the Narrat. of a Second Voy. 

 p. 52. n. 8. — Zoarces polaris, Richards. Faun. Bor. Amer. Fishes, p. 94. 

 Arctic coasts of North America. — This fish is not a Zoarces. 



