1. ATHERINA. 393 



produced, with the cleft of the mouth oblique ; the maxillary extends 

 to below the anterior margin of the eye. Teeth distinct in the jaws 

 and on the vomer. The distance between the dorsal and caudal fins 

 is equal to, or rather more than, the length of the head. The silvery, 

 streak occupies the fifth series of scales and the adjoining halves of 

 the fourth and sixth. 



British Channel and coasts. Madeira. Coast of Algiers. 



a-h. Adult. Falmouth. Purchased. 



c. Adult. Fifeshire. From the Mus. Leach. 



d, e-g, h-k. Adult and half- grown. 



I. Fine specimen. (New Zealand ? ?) Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 



2, Atherina pontica. 



Atherina presbj-ter, var., Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 72. 



pontica, Eichw. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1838, p. 137, and Faun. 



Casp.-Caucas. p. 206. pi. 33. figs. 3, 4 ; Noribn. m Demid. Vorj. Russ, 

 Merid. iii. p. 398 ; Kessler, Bidl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, ii. p. 218. 



P. 7-9 1 12-13. A. 15-16. L. lat. 46-48. L. transv. 9. 



The root of the vcntraj. fins falls vertically before the origin of the 

 dorsal. The height of the body is contained seven times in the total 

 length, the length of the head six times and a half. The depth of 

 the extremity of the tail is much less than the diameter of the. eye, 

 which is considerably longer than the snout. Forehead and snout 

 black. 



Black Sea. 



3. Atherina hepsetiis. 



Sauclet (France) ; Chucleto (Spain) ; Lattarina (Rome) ; Anguela 



(Venice) ; Coroneda (Sicily) ; Athemo (Greece). 

 'Adtpiva, Artstot. vi. c. 17, ix. c. 2 ; Oppian, i. v. 108 ; Athen. vii. 285. 

 ''A(f>va, Athcn. I. c. 



'E^riTos, Athen. vii. 293, 301, viii. 356. 

 Atherina, Rondel, i. lib. 7. c. 2. p. 216 ; Gem. Aquat. iv. p. 72 ; Aldrov. 



ii. c. 30. p. 217 ; WiUughhy, iv. c. 12. p. 210 ; Ray, Syn. p. 79. sp. 3 ; 



Jonst. i. art. 18. p. 52. tab. 19. fig. 13; Artedi, Synon. p. 116. sp. 1. 

 TiRvaronus, Bellon. i. p. 237. 

 Sauclet, Dtiham. Pechcs, ii. sect. 6. pi. 4. fig. 3. 

 Atherina hepsetiis, L. Syst. i. p. 519 ; Hasselq. Iter Palest, p. 382 ; 



Lacep. V. p. 66 ; Bl. tab. 393. fig. 3 (very bad) ; Bl. Schn. p. 110. 



tab. 29. fig. 2 (very bad); Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 337, and Eur. Mirid. 



iii. p. 469 ; Cuv. Sf Val. x. p. 423. pi. 302. fig. 1 ; Botiap. Faun. Ital. 



Pesc. ; Nordm. in Detnid. Voy. Runs. MSrid. iii. p. 399 ; Guichen. Exp, 



Alger. Poiss. p. 66 ; Kessler, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, ii." p. 217. 



hepsetus, var. 1, De la Roche, Ann. Mu-s. xiii. p. 357. 



? Atherina minuta, Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 340 ; Cuv. 8f Val. x. p. 437 



(young). 

 ? Atherina mannorata, i2mo, /. c.p. 339; Cuv. ^- Val. x. p. 437 (young). 



p. 8-9 I ^. A. ^. L. lat. 60. L. transv. 11. Vert. 55^6. 



The anterior dorsal fin is between the base of the ventral and the 

 vent Thp height of the ^ody is one-seventh of the total length, 

 the lengtli of'thc head one-fifth ; the diameter of the eye eciuals the 



