432 MUGILID^, 



r-s. Young. St. Vincent's. From Mr. Macgillivray's Collection. 

 t, u. Half-grown and young : not good state, British Guiana. Pre- 

 sented by Sir R. Schomburgk. 

 v-w, x-y, z, a. Adult and half-grown. From the Haslar Collection. 

 /3. Adult. Surinam. 



y. Young. Caripe, Para. Presented by J. R. G. Smith, Esq. 

 S. Adult. South iVmerica. Purchased of Mr. Brandt. 

 e. Adult : skeleton. South America. Purchased of Mr. Brandt. 



The skeleton does not differ materially from that of M. septentrio- 

 nalis. The setiform fringes of the intermaxillary are very short. 



23. Mugil robustus. 

 D. 4 U. A. ^. L. lat. 38. L. transv. 12. 



The height of the body equals the length of the head, and is one- 

 fifth of the total. Eye with a narrow adipose membrane anteriorly 

 and posteriorly. The upper lip is rather thin, forming the front edge 

 of the snout. The pectoral is a little shorter than the head, the 

 length of the snout not included, and extends to the ninth scale of 

 the lateral line. Maxillary entirely hidden. 



Coast of Madagascar. 



a. Seven inches long. Madagascar. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 



Description of the specimen. — The specimen is very thick, not much 

 compressed, subcylindrical ; its greatest depth is below the anterior 

 dorsal fin, where it equals the length of the head, and is one-fifth of 

 the total. The upper and lower profiles converge in a gentle curve, 

 meeting at the snout, which is somewhat convex. The least depth 

 of the tail is two-fifths of the length of the head. The interorbital 

 space is very slightly convex, and its width is contained twice and a 

 third in the length of the head. The snout is obtuse, as long as the 

 eye, with the front margin occupied by the upper lip. The angle 

 made by the margins of the two mandibles is obtuse, and the cleft of 

 the mouth is thrice as broad as it is deep. The mandibles leave no 

 free space, or a very narrow one, between them. The maxillaiT is 

 entirely hidden in a deep groove between the praeorbital and the 

 intermaxillary; the pra^orbital has a slight notch anteriorly, and the 

 extremity truncated and minutely denticulated. The nostrils are at 

 some distance from each other, the posterior being in the middle, 

 between anterior and orbit. The eyelids are narrow, but very di- 

 stinct ; they cover about a third of the iris anteriorly and posteriorly. 

 The pectoral extends to the ninth scale of the lateral line, and is a 

 little shorter than the head, the length of the snout not included ; 

 its insertion is rather above the middle of the depth of the body. 

 There are twenty scales between the snout and the spinous dorsal. 

 The latter commences in the middle of the distance between snout 

 and the base of the caudal, or in the vertical from the twelfth scale 

 of the lateral lino. The anterior dorsal spines are not veiy strong, 

 and half as long as the head. The second dorsal commences in the 



