IV 



longer than, or as long as the soft' ; the soft anal similar to the 

 soft dorsal, of moderate extent or rather short ''. Ventrals thoracic, 

 always present, with one spine and with five or four rays well 

 developed. 



T. Ventral 1/5, rarely 1/4 ; no bony stay for the prseoperculum*. A 

 lateral line. 



A. Lateral line uninterrupted' ; neither trenchant teeth nor mo- 



lars ; no barbels at the throat. Lower pectoral rays branched. 



a. Teeth on the palate*; vertical fins not scaly. 



3. Peecid^, i. p. 51. 



b. Palate toothless' ; body oblong, or, if elevated, with the ver- 



tical fins scaleless .... 5. Pristipomatid^, i. p. 272. 



c. Vertical fins scaly ; body elevated, or, if oblong, with seti- 



form teeth in the jaws or villiforra bands on the palate. 

 8. Squamipinnes, ii. p. 1. 



B. Lateral line interrupted . .33. Nandid^, iii. p. 362. 



C. A pair of moveable barbels at the throat. 



6. MuLLiD^, i. p. 397. 



D. Either series of trenchant teeth in the jaws or molars on the 



sides 7. Sparid^, i.,p. 412. 



E. Teeth of the jaws confluent into a cutting lamella. 



31. HopLOGNATHiD^, iii. p. 357. 



F. Lower pectoral rays not branched ; neither trenciiaftt teeth nor 



molars in the jaws 9. Cirrhitid^, ii. p. 70. 



II. A bony stay for the angle of the prffioperculum, which is armed, 



the bone arising from the infraorbital ring. 



106. SC0EP.SNINA, ii. p. 88. 



III. Lateral line none ; a long spinous anal fin. 



34. PoLYCENXRiD.ai, iii. p. 370. 



fV. Ventral with an outer and inner spine (l/4/i;. 



29. Tevtbjdidm, iii. p. 313. 



* I propose this name for the bone which in the true Cataphracti, Cuv., 

 reaxjhes from the orbit to the angle of the pricoperculum, and serves to support 

 the spine with which the angle is armed. 



' Rhypticus (i. p. 171), Centrarchus sparoides (i. p. 257), Hyperoglyphe 

 (i. p. 337). 



'^ Ilaplodactylus (i. p. 434), some species of Chilodactylus (ii. p. 78) ; long in 

 Latris (ii. p. 86). 



3 Ambassis intcrrupta, burucnsis (i. p. 226). 



* Prionodes (i. p. 90). " Some species of Therapon (i. p. 274). 



