Vlll 



sometimes the wliole composed of spines only ; anal more or less 

 long ; caudal subtruncated or rounded, if present ; ventrals thoracic or 

 jugular, if present. 



I. Body band-like ; no bony stay for the praeoperculum ; ventrals 



tlioracic, 1/5 41. CEPOLiDiE, iii. p. 486. 



II. Ventrals jugular, 1/5 40. TRiCHONOXiDiE, iii. p. 484. 



III. A bony stay for the angle of the pra;operculum, the bone arising 

 from the infraorbital ring . . 10 n. Heterolepidina, ii. p. 88. 



IV. Ventrals J4igular^" , composed of a few rays, if present ; a pro- 

 minent anal papilla; anal spines none, or in very small 

 number 24. BLEiryiiDiE, iii. p. 206. 



Anal spines numerous 25. Acanxhoclinid^, iii. p. 297. 



VI. Ventrals none.; no prominent anal papilla ; body eel-like ; nu- 

 merous free dorsal spines ..46, MAsxACEMBELmiE, iii, p 339. 



Eleventh division : Acanth. mugiliformes. 



Two dorsal fins more or less remote from each other ; the anterior 

 either short, like the posterior, or composed of feeble spines ; ventral 

 fins well developed, 1/5, abdominal. 



I. Dentition strong ; vertebrae 24. 



14. Sphyejsnu)^, ii. p. 334. 



II. Vertebrae ^^ ) dentition feeble or of moderate strength. 



37. AiHERiNiD^, iii. p. 391. 



11^ Dentition feeble ; vertebrae 24. 



38. MuGtUD^, iii. p. 409. 



Twelfth division : Acanth. y aster osteiformes. 



The spinous dorsal is composed of isolated spines, if present ; the 

 ventrals have an abdominal position in consequence of the prolonga- 

 tion of the pubic bones, which are attached to the himieral arch, 



I. Ventral joined to the pubic bone, with a spine and with a few 



rudimentary rays 1. Gasierosxeidje, i. p. 1. 



II. Ventral remote from the pubic bone, with six soft rays. 



45. FisxTJLARiDiE, iii. p. 529, 



'^ Pseudoblemiius (iii. p. 297) ; ? Andainia (iii. p. 294). 



