river will always have water. The flow of the river June 

 30, 1900, was 660 second feet. 



Mission Creek, on the northern boundary, rises in the 

 Mission Mountains a few miles to the eastward. Per- 

 petual snows form its source. It rises in the great amphi- 

 theatre shown in part in Plate IV, flowing down the 

 canyon in the middle of the picture. Its flow on June 30, 

 1900, was 412 second feet. Its waters are clear and cold, 

 and as pure as a mountain stream can be. Later on, much 

 of its water will no doubt be used for irrigation, but the 

 stream will not go dry. Its waters may be held back in 

 spring, by reservoirs at its source. In one branch of the 

 creek, near the snow-banks, is a lake a mile and a half 

 long, nearly a half mile wide, and 250 feet deep. Its 

 outlet is dammed by a glacial moraine, so that it is easy 

 to increase the volume of water in the lake. 



But, even if these two streams should be entirely used 

 up in irrigation— -which is out of reason — there are springs 

 on the range which will supply an abundance of clear, 

 pure and cold water. On the northern slope the seepage 

 from the mountain is considerable. It breaks out in 

 springs, which by digging could be easily made into large 

 springs or wells. Chimtaupeh Creek and Inskaltesshin 

 Creeks both head in a number of springs, which are said 

 by residents never to fail. The waters from these springs 

 disappear before reaching the valley, but flow in a regular 

 stream for a mile or more after coming out of the ground. 

 In all but late summer there are numerous water courses 

 which head in small springs, but which later on dry up. 



Protection. — The prevailing winds of summer blow 

 from the south or southwest. A breeze is quite surely 

 to be felt on the summits of the range during the hot days 

 of summer. The springs, the trees, the creeks, will give 

 chance for cooling the animals in summer. There is more 

 need for winter protection. No matter which way the 

 storms may come, there will always be protection from 

 the sting of the wind and snow. If it comes from the 

 north, a Bison herd would have but to move over to the 

 gulches on the south side; if from the east, the head of 

 Chimtaupeh is a safe retreat; and no matter how fierce 

 the winds, the animals may escape. The thickets along 



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