Introduction 17 



enormous trees, and many peculiar animals, as Sewellel, Coast 

 Deer, Pacific Raccoon, etc. 



(N. B. — Merriam combines the Arctic Realm with 

 Hudsonian, Canadian, and Pacific faunas to form his Boreal 

 Zone.) 



The Campestrian Fauna. — The region of the northern 

 plains, where there is yet rain enough to banish aridity. In 

 British America this appears as two subfaunas: 



(a) The Campestrian proper or Saskatchewan, of which 

 characteristic species are: Richardson Ground-squirrel, Long- 

 tailed Weasel, Northern Kit-fox, Northern Pocket-gopher, 

 Prairie-hare, Richardson merlin, Columbia sharp-tailed grouse, 

 white-winged blackbird. Its north limit is also the hmit of west- 

 ern meadow-lark, McCown longspur, oriole. Cooper hawk, etc. 



(b) The Okanagan Subfauna in Southern British Colum- 

 bia, a dry region in which we find: Okanagan Marmot, 

 Douglas Pocket-gopher, Pocket-mice (Perognathus), Jack- 

 rabbit, Badger, Whitetailed Deer, etc. 



The Alleghanian Fauna takes in part of the new Province 

 of Saskatchewan, south-western Manitoba, most of southern 

 Ontario and Nova Scotia. At its northern border the Alle- 

 ghanian forms about the northern limit of the Panther, the 

 Raccoon, the Mole-shrew, the bluebird, catbird, chewink, 

 brown thrasher, and bobolink. Its north border is the south 

 limit of Moose and Caribou. Its southern border forms about 

 the southern limit of the Ermines, the Harbour Seal, the Com- 

 mon Chipmunk, several species of Field-mice (genera Evotomys 

 and Synaptomys), the Snowshoe-hare, etc. 



It appears in two subfaunas: , 



(a) The Western or Prairie Alleghanian subfauna w^est- 

 ward of Lake Michigan. Characteristic species are: Gray 

 Chipmunk, Loring Red-vole, Minnesota Red-squirrel, etc. 



(b) The Eastern or Woodland Alleghanian subfauna chiefly 

 east of Lake Michigan. Characteristic species are: Ontario 

 Gray-squirrel and Northern Cottontail. 



