26 Life-histories of Northern Animals 



ers were the advance guard or scouts in a region that ukimately 

 their tribe is to possess. 



MAPS The Maps, begun for the most part ten years ago, aim to 



show the present distribution of the species, except when 

 otherwise stated. They are fairly complete for the large 

 game animals, but the material does not yet exist to make maps 

 for all species. In some, like the Bats, I have spotted the actual 

 records and added an outline that is probably the range of the 

 species. In others, as the Squirrels, I have offered a provisional 

 and diagrammatic map of the ranges. 



A spot with a ring around it stands for type locality. 



HOME- The home-range of each individual is next to be con- 



sidered. No wild animal roams at random over the country; 

 each has a home-region, even if it has not an actual home. 

 The size of this home-region corresponds somewhat with the 

 size of the animal. Flesh-eaters as a class have a larger home- 

 region than herb-eaters. The more evidence we get, the 

 smaller the home-region of each animal appears. 



In the idea of a home-region is the germ of territorial 

 rights. At every step it presents close and interesting parallels 

 with the growth of territorial law in man. 



MIGRA- 

 TIONS 



Some animals have two home-regions, and make a regular 

 seasonal change from one to the other; such animals are said 

 to be migratory. Extremes of the habit are illustrated by the 

 Woodchuck, individuals of which make a short move from the 

 summer-den in the open fields to a winter-den in the woods, 

 and by the Barren-ground Caribou, which makes a very com- 

 plete migration from the open Arctic plains that it frequents 

 in summer to the woods of its winter range, 500 miles away. 



But there is another kind of migration, best illustrated by 

 the Moose, though observed in many species. After dwelling 

 for a number of years in a given region they move out in a 

 body to some other and hitherto unoccupied region. The 

 causes of this are not obvious. 



