38 Life-histories of Northern Animals 



characterized by great size, many-tined antlers, of which the 

 beam is behind; well-marked brow and bez-tines; spotted 

 colouring of the fawns; short tail; naked, moist muzzle; 

 maned neck; a tuft of hair on inside of hock, and within this 

 a scent-gland (tarsal gland). 



0-0 I— I 3—3 3—3 



Teeth: Inc. ; can. ; prem. ; mol. =34 



4-4 0-0 s-3 3-3 



The *'Elk tusks" are the rudimentary canines; they are 

 found in both sexes, but are very minute in the female. 



The Wapiti has all the characteristics of its family and 

 genus. Its specific peculiarities of size, colour, etc., may be 

 recognized by the following: 

 SIZE A fine eight-year-old bull Elk, killed in the New York 



Zoological Park, October 3, 1903, was carefully measured by 

 Dr. Hornaday,^ as follows: Length, 86| inches (2,205 mm.); 

 height at shoulders, 565 inches (1,435 mm.); circumference 

 of chest, 78 inches (1,982 mm.). 



Another, measured by Professor L. L. Dyche,^ was 97 inches 

 (2,465 mm.) in length of body and head. 



A three-year-old bull that I measured in Wyoming was: 

 In length, 102 inches (2,592 mm.); tail, 5I inches (140 mm.); 

 hind-foot, 25 inches (635 mm.); height at withers, 47I inches 

 (1,214 mm.). 



As extremes: Caton had a five-year-old bull Wapiti ovei 

 16 hands (or 64 inches) at the withers,^ and C. Phillipps- 

 Wolley records^ a Colorado bull, measured by Andrew Wil- 

 liamson, at 17 hands, or 5 feet 8 inches, at the shoulder, 9 feet 

 long, and 6 feet 8 inches around the chest; that is, 2 feet 

 longer and 20 inches higher than the three-year-old specimen 

 above mentioned. 



An adult cow, which I measured on the Graybull, in 

 Wyoming, October 12, 1898, was: In length, 88 inches (2,237 



^American Natural History, 1904, p. 124. ^Ibid. 



^Antelope and Deer of America, 1877, p. 81. 



° Big-Game Shooting, Vol. I, The Badminton Library, 1894, p. 406. 



