72 Life-histories of Northern Animals 



chin; while the band across the nose, the ring around each eye, 

 the inside of each ear, the patch on the throat, the inside of each 

 leg, the under side of the tail, and the region under the tail 

 and belly are white. 



In winter (or blue) coat the red is replaced by gray. 



The sexes are alike in colour. 



The young are bright bay or dull reddish yellow, spotted 

 with pure white, but lose this coat when about four months old. 



The following races are recognized: 



virginianus Bodd., the typical form. With lower 

 tooth-row of cheek 3 inches long (75 mm.) ; winter 

 coat not very different from that of summer. 



borealis Miller, paler in colour and much larger than 

 virginianus (nearly double). Lower tooth-row of 

 cheek 3I inches long (85 mm.) ; winter coat much 

 coarser and grayer than summer coat. 



macrourus Raf., paler than virginianus. 



leucurus Douglas, with little or no black and much 

 white. 



texanus Mearns, much smaller and paler than the 

 typical form. 



osceola Bangs, in size like texanus, but very dark 

 in colour. 



louisiance G. M. Allen, in size like the typical, but 

 pale and with slender skull. 



DIRECT- The sportsman-hunter, however, pays little heed to the 



MARKS colours and fine distinctions on which the scientist founds his 

 species and races. He usually lumps the twenty-odd species 

 and races of small American Deer as "Deer," and carries a 

 general impression of a deer-coloured animal, paler on the 

 under parts. This is a true impression as far as it goes; indeed, 

 I know of no colour feature on the animal's trunk by means of 

 which the various species may be distinguished. Nevertheless, 

 nature has added a label to each, and, as though by kindly plan, 

 this is the last part of the animal that the hunter sees as it dis- 



