188 Life-histories of Northern Animals 



Height of shoulder 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm.) 



Width between the eyes 52 " ( H^ rnm.) 



From point of nose to lower canthus of eye 9 " ( 228 mm.) 



From point of nose to ear i foot 2 " { 355 mm.) 



Height of ear posteriorly 5 " (127 mm.) 



Dr. W. T. Hornaday states' that a large male Woodland 

 Caribou, from Maine, now in the New York Zoological Park, 

 stands 48 inches (1,220 mm.) at the shoulder and weighs 280 

 pounds. 

 COLOUR In winter the general body colour of the Woodland Cari- 



bou is a dull grayish-brown or dun, darker on the face and legs. 

 The neck, forehead, belly, spot behind shoulder, under side of 

 tail, the region about the tail, and the band around each foot 

 are white. 



In summer, its body colour is darker. 



Individuals vary greatly, however, in respect of their 

 body colour, as well as in the amount of white. 



The young have traces of a few pale spots on the ground 

 colour. 



Life-history. 



RANGE The accompanying map shows that the ranges of the four 



principal species of Caribou are distinct from one another, 

 geographically, climatically, and botanically. 



The earliest described of the four was the Woodland 

 species. This is the Caribou proper; it must be the starting 

 point and standard for discussing the others. 



On the map the area given to the Woodland Caribou is 

 the same now as it was in primitive days. It is said to be 

 nearly exterminated in those small areas of the United States 

 that happen to fall within this limit. But reference to early 

 authority, such as Josselin (1672), shows that in these small 

 areas the Caribou was at best merely a straggler. Its proper 

 region is about 2,500 miles long from east to west, and 400 

 to 600 miles wide. 



' Amer. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 132. 



